16.3 the cleaning action of soaps and detergents

what does soap form when in water

clumps

explain how soap reacts with water

>hydrophilic, polar ends of soap is in contact with water forming strong forces of attraction with water

Ion dipole forces form between ionic end of soap and OH in water

> hydrophobic non polar section of soap in centre are in contact with eachother

What is the name of the clump formed bysoap and its shape

Micelle, forms a spherical shape

When is a micelle formed

When a soap/detergent is dissolved in water

explain the process of removing a stain from clothing

When agitation occurs the non polar end is embedded in oil, whilst polar end is in the water

As agitation continues water molecules attach to the polar ends of the soap and oil particle is lifted from the fabric

explain the process of after the stain is lifted

once stain is lifted, non-polar ends embed themselves in the oil and charged ends are protruded in water

the soap molecules (micelle) around the oil forms a stable arrangement that prevents stain from reattaching to fabric

how can polar solvents remove a non polar stain

with addition of a soap

define surfactant

another name for soap and detergent