Organelles

Ribosomes

Non-membrane subcellular structures that synthesize proteins according to messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences

Ribosome Composition

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins

Endomembrane System

Group of membrane-bound organelles that work together to modify, package, and transport polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins

Polysaccharides, lipids, proteins

What does the endomembrane system modify, package, and transport?

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Organelle that provides mechanical support by helping cells maintain shape and plays a role in intracellular transport

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Organelle with membrane bound ribosomes that allows for organization of cells and carries out protein synthesis

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Organelle that detoxifies cells and carries out lipid synthesis

Golgi Complex

Membrane-bound structure of a series of flattened membrane sacs

• folds and chemically modifies newly synthesized cellular products (proteins and lipids)

• packages proteins for cell traffick

Mitochondria

Organelle responsible for aerobic cellular respiration

• Double membrane

  • outer membrane: smooth

  • inner membrane: convoluted (more surface area = higher efficiency)

powerhouse of the cell

Mitochondria is the ?

mother

All the mitochondria in your body came from your ?

Lysosomes

Membrane-enclosed sacs with hydrolytic enzymes that digest material

• plays an important role in apoptosis (programmed cell death)

Vacuoles

Membrane-bound sacs with various roles in plant and animal cells

plant

In ? cells, large vacuoles maintain turgor pressure through nutrient and water storage

animal

In ? cells, smaller vacuoles store cellular materials

Chloroplasts

Special organelles found in plants and photosynthetic algae

• double membrane

• location of photosynthesis