Checkpoint

Taxonomy

A system of naming and classifying organisms based on shared characteristics and universal rules.

Genus

A group of similar species

description of an important trait of the organism's habitat.

(Ursus maritimus) The second part of the name is often a \__________________________________________.

Binomial Nomenclature

In \_____________________, each species is assigned a two-part scientific name, written in italics. First word begins with a capital letter and second one is in lower case.

Systematics

The science of naming and grouping organisms is called \______________________. The goal of it is to organize living things into groups that have biological meaning. The groups are referred to as taxa.

Taxon

any particular group within a taxonomic system

Phylogeny

The study of the evolutionary history of lineages of organisms.

Clade

A group of species that includes a single common ancestor and all descendants of that ancestor -living and extinct

Cladogram

Links groups of organisms by showing current hypotheses about how evolutionary lines, or lineages, branched off from common ancestor.

Derived Character

A trait that arose in the most recent common ancestor of a lineage and was passed to its descendants.

Clade Aves: Birds

Clades have to include everybody. If clade Reptilia didn't include birds then it wouldn’t be a clade.

Taxa

groups that have biological meaning (species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom)

Domain

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

Domain Bacteria (Used to be Eubacteria)

Unicellular prokaryotic organisms. Thick, rigid walls containing peptidoglycan. (Used to be Eubacteria)

Domain Archaea (Used to be Archaebacteria)

Unicellular prokaryotic organisms; most live in extreme environments like volcanic hot springs, brine pools, and black organic mud devoid of oxygen.

Domain Eukarya

All organisms with a nucleus. Comprises the four major groups of the old six-kingdom system: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

Fungi

Heterotrophs with cell walls containing chitin. Multicellular/Unicellular. Mushrooms and yeast.

Plantae

Autotrophs with cell walls that contain cellulose. Photosynthesize using chlorophyll. Green algae, mosses, ferns, cone-bearing plants, and flowering plants. Some types of green algae is unicellular but all other plants are multicellular.

Animalia

Heterotrophic and multicellular. Do not have cell walls. Most organisms from this kingdom can move. Incredible diversity.

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

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