Respiratory Intro

5.0(1)
studied byStudied by 1 person
5.0(1)
full-widthCall Kai
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
GameKnowt Play
Card Sorting

1/43

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced
Call with Kai

No study sessions yet.

44 Terms

1
New cards
what is the function of respiratory system?
clean and warm inspired air
gas exchange
immune protection
voice production
olfaction
2
New cards
what are the respiratory systems 2 main function
ventilation
gas exchange
3
New cards
where are gasses exchanged?
alveoli
4
New cards
how many lobes does the L lung have, R lung?
Left 2
Right 3
5
New cards
The lungs are covered by a visceral....?
pleura
6
New cards
How are the two types of specimens taken?
Exfoliative - sputum, BB, BW, and BL's
Aspirate - FNA, bronchoscope ultrasound
7
New cards
What epithelium lines the oral cavity, pharynx, and more common in sputum?
Stratified squamous epithelium
8
New cards
What epithelium makes up the bronchus?
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
9
New cards
What ratio is seen between Ciliated bronchioles:Goblet cells
5:1 ratio
10
New cards
what is the purpose of ciliated epithelium?
To clear debris from the airways with mucus to trap dust and other things
11
New cards
Cilia propels mucus away from
the alveoli
12
New cards
What is goblet cells most characteristic feature
abundant mucin
13
New cards
What does an increase amount of goblet cells indicate?
asthma
allergies
hyperplasia
chronic bronchitis
bronchiectasis
smoker
14
New cards
If you see an abundant amount of goblet cells without ciliated cells....what does that suggest?
Mucinous adenocarcinoma
15
New cards
Clara cells become more numerous
distally
16
New cards
Clara cells produce surfactant to do what:
detoxes toxins by repair to clear airways
17
New cards
Kulchitsky cells can give rise to what carcinoma
SCC
18
New cards
What lines the alveoli?
type 1 and 2 pneumocytes
19
New cards
what do type 1 pneumocytes do?
gas exchange and covers the surface of the alveoli
they are flat and rarely seen
20
New cards
what are type 2 pneumocytes
secrete surfactant
21
New cards
where do alveolar macrophages originate from?
bone marrow
22
New cards
Present type 3 macrophages in a sputum sample indicates
the deep lung has been sampled
23
New cards
Alveolar macrophages are seen more in smokers. True or False
True
24
New cards
Alveolar macrophages should be abundant in BAL. True or False
True
25
New cards
Siderophages
blood laden
26
New cards
what do siderphages indicate?
old bleeding which can occur in benign/malignant conditions
27
New cards
what do lipophages indicate?
pneumonia
aspiration pneumonia
fat embolism
acute pancreatitis
tissue destruction
cancers
28
New cards
When are you likely to see Curschmann spirals?
Asthma
chronic bronchitis
cigarette smoking
lung cancers
29
New cards
What is asbestos coated with?
iron salts
glycoproteins
30
New cards
Is corpora amylacea calcified?
No, they are also bifringent
31
New cards
Sputum is more reliable in detecting which carcinoma type
SCC - squamous cell carcinoma
32
New cards
What will you see during BAL?
macrophages
ciliated bronchioles
pneumocytes
goblet cells
33
New cards
What specimen collection is best for detecting adenocarcinomas?
BAL
34
New cards
BAL is useful in detecting which type of infection?
Opportunistic organisms/infections
35
New cards
What collection method is reserve cell hyperplasia most commonly observed?
Bronchial brushings
36
New cards
Cytologically describe reserve cell hyplerplasia
Cells are uniform and tightly cohesive in size
hyperchromatic nuclei
high nc ratios
clean background
37
New cards
Reserve cell hyperplasia DD is small cell carcinoma. What are some differences between the two?
SCC - variable sizes, molding, crush artifact, salt and pepper chromatin
RCH - uniform size, no molding, even chromatin
38
New cards
What is the most common cause of squamous metaplastic cells to be in the lung?
It is the columnar cells response to injury - commonly caused by smoking
39
New cards
What is the follow up for squamous metaplasia?
Sputum samples
40
New cards
Parakeratosis in the lung, from severe irritation
can mimic SCC
can occur with squamous dysplasia or carcinoma
41
New cards
what is bronchial hyperplasia associated with
chronic disease of the lung
42
New cards
Bronchial hyperplasia cytologically
creola bodies
papillary
3d compact group
finely granular chromatin
regular uniform nucleoli
43
New cards
When will you see charcot Leyden crystals
asthma
allergies
healing stage of Loffler's Syndrome
44
New cards

Explore top flashcards