Cardiac Physiology
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60 Terms
What is the pathway of deoxygenated blood through the heart?
Inferior/Superior Vena Cava
Right Atrium
Tricuspid Valve
Right Ventricle
Pulmonic Valve
Pulmonary Artery
What is superior vena cava?
A great vessel that drain blood from the upper body into the right atrium
What is the inferior vena cava?
A great vessel that drains blood from the lower body into the right atrium
What is the right atrium?
The upper chamber that receives deoxygenated blood from the SVC/IVC
What is the tricuspid valve?
The valve between the right atrium and ventricule
What is the right ventricule?
The lower chamber that pumps blood to the lung for oxygenation
What is the pulmonic Valve?
The valve that separates the right ventricule and pulmonary artery
What is the pulmonary artery?
The great vessel that carries blood to the lungs
What is the path oxygenated blood takes through the heart?
Pulmonary Vein
Left Atrium
Mitral Valve
Left Ventricle
Aortic Valve
Aorta
What is the pulmonary vein
The vessel that returns oxygenated blood to the heart
What is the left atrium?
The upper chamber that recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary vein
What is the mitral valve?
The valve that separates the left atrium and ventrciles
What is the left ventricle>
The lower chamber that pumps blood throughout the body
What is the aortic valve
The valve that separates the left ventricle and aorta
What is the aorta
The great vessel that carries blood to the rest of the body
What are valves
Flaps of tissue inside of vessels and the heart to prevent backflow of blood
What is systole?
The contraction phase of the heart
What is S1 heart sound?
The “lub” sound made up the tricuspid/mitral valves closing during systole
What is S2 heart sound?
The “dub” sound made up of the aortic/pulmonic valve closing during diastole
What is diastole?
The relaxation phase of the heart
What is the pericardium?
The serous sac that surrounds the heart
What is the visceral pericardium
The serous membrane that lines the heart
What is the parietal pericardium?
The fibrous outer layer of the pericardium
What are coronary arteries?
Blood vessels that supply the heart with oxygen
What is the aortic root?
A vessel branch off of the ascending aorta that supplies both left and right coronary arteries
What is the left anterior descending (LAD) artery?
A branch of the left coronary artery that supplies the septum and the anterior ventricle
What is the left circumflex artery (LCX)?
A branch of the LCA that supplies the left ventricular wall
What is the marginal branch?
A branch of the RCA that supplies the right ventricle
What is the posterior descending artery?
A branch of the coronary arteries that supplies the posterior and inferior left ventricle. 80% originate from the RCA while 20% come from the LCA
What is automaticity?
The ability for cardiac cells to independently/repeatedly depolarize and contract on their own
What is overdrive suppression
The concept where a dominant pacemaker (normally the SA node) inhibits other cells from firing on their own
What is the sinoatrial (SA) node?
The main pacemaker center of the heart
What is the atrio-ventricular (AV) Node?
A structure that receives a signal from the SA node and sends it to the ventricular path
What are the paths that a signal takes from the SA node to the AV node
Anterior Internodal Path
Middle Intermodal Path
Posterior Intermodal Path
What is Bachmann’s Bundle?
A signal pathway from the SA node to the left atrium
What is the His Bundle?
The common pathway from the AV node for both ventricular
What are the bundle branches?
(Left and Right) Divisions of the His Bundle that divides into the left and right ventricule
What are the Purkinje Fibers?
The end divisions of the signal pathway through the heart
What is cardiac output?
The amount of blood pumped through the heart in one minute
What is the forumla for CO?
CO = SV * HR
What is stroke volume?
The amount of blood pumped in a single contraction
What is heart rate>
The amount of heart beats in one minutes
What is ejection fraction?
The percentage of blood ejected in systole relative to end-diastole volume
What is the SV forumla?
SV = LEDV - LESV
What is the forumla for LVEF?
LVEF = (SV - LEDV) / 100
What are value ranges for EF?
>70% = Hyperdynamic
50-70 = Normal
49-40 = Mild Dysfunction
39-30= Moderate Dysfunction
<30% = Severe Dysfunction
What is Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)
The average blood pressure through systole/diastole
What is the formula for MAP?
MAP = 1/3 systole BP + 2/3 diastole BP
What are arteries?
Vessels that carry blood away from the heart
What are veins?
Vessels that carry blood to the heart
What are the layers of blood vessels?
Intima
Media
Adventitia
What are capillaries?
A monolayer blood vessel where gases are exchanged in blood
What is the intima
A monolayer of endothelial cells. Continuous with capillaries
What is the media?
The muscular layer of blood vessels.
What is the adventitia?
The ECM outer layer of blood vessels
How do veins and arteries differ?
Veins:
Valves
Majority of blood supply
Arteries
Larger muscular layers
What was inotropy?
Myocardial contraction
What is lusitropy?
Myocardial relaxation
What is chronotropy?
SA Node Firing
What is dromotropy?
AV Node Conduction Velocity
Note 
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