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Appendicular Skeleton
The bones that form the limbs or extremities of the body.
Axial Skeleton
The bones of the skull, rib cage, and spinal column.
Cranium
Part of the skull; the eight bones of the head that enclose the brain.
Fontanels
Area between the cranial bones where the bones have not fused together; “soft spots” in the skull of an infant.
Ligaments
Fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone.
Sinuses
Cavity or air space in a bone.
Skeletal System
Made up of bones that support the structure of the body.
Sutures
Surgical stitch used to join the edges of an incision or wound; also, an area where bones join or fuse together.
Vertebrae
Bones in the spinal column.
Abduction
Movement away from the midline.
Adduction
Movement toward the midline.
Cardiac Muscle
The thick middle layer of the heart.
Circumduction
Moving in a circle at a joint, or moving one end of a body part in a circle while the other end remains stationary.
Contracture
Tightening or shortening of a muscle.
Dorsiflexion
Bending backwards or bending the foot toward the knee.
Extension
Increasing the angle between two parts; straightening a limb.
Fascia
Fibrous membrane covering, supporting, and separating muscles.
Flexion
Decreasing the angle between two parts; bending a limb.
Origin
End or area of a muscle that remains stationary when the muscle contracts.
Plantar Flexion
bending forward or bending the foot away from the knee
Pronation
Turning a body part downward; turning “palm down”.
Rotation
Movement around a central axis; a turning.
Skeletal Muscle
Found throughout the body and functions to contract in response to stimuli.
Supination
Turning a body part upward; turning “palm up”.
Tendons
Fibrous connective tissue that connects muscles to bones.
Visceral Muscle
Muscles that work automatically and are found in the organs of the body such as the stomach and lungs.
Arrhythmias
Irregular or abnormal rhythm, usually referring to the heart rhythm.
Arteries
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.
Capillaries
Tiny blood vessels that connect the arterioles and venules and allow for exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and the body cells.
Myocardium
Muscle layer of the heart.
Pericardium
Membrane sac that covers the outside of the heart.
Veins
Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart.
Alveoli
Microscopic air sacs in the lungs.
Bronchi
The two main branches of the trachea; air tubes to and from the lungs.
Bronchioles
Small branches of the bronchi; carry air in the lungs.
Cilia
Hairlike projections.
Expiration
The expulsion of air from the lungs; breathing out air.
External Respiration
Breathing both air into the lungs and out into the atmosphere.
Inspiration
Breathing in; taking air into the lungs.
Internal Respiration
exchange of gases between the cells of the body and the blood by way of the fluid
Larynx
Voice box, located between the pharynx and trachea.
Lungs
Organ of respiration located in the thoracic cavity.
Pharynx
The throat.
Pleura
A serous membrane that covers the lungs and lines the thoracic cavity.
Respiration
The process of taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide by way of the lungs and air passages.
Trachea
Windpipe; air tube from the larynx to the bronchi.
Ventilation
Process of breathing.
Colon
The large intestine.
Duodenum
First part of the small intestine; connects the pylorus of the stomach and the jejunum.
Esophagus
Tube that extends from the pharynx to the stomach.
Gallbladder
Small sac near the liver; concentrates and stores bile.
Ileum
Final section of the small intestine; connects the jejunum and the large intestine.
Jejunum
The middle section of the small intestine; connects the duodenum and ileum.
Liver
Largest gland in the body; located in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen; two of its main functions are excreting bile and storing glycogen.
Pancreas
Gland that is dorsal to the stomach; secretes insulin and digestive juices.
Peristalsis
Rhythmic, wavelike motion of involuntary muscles.
Vermiform Appendix
a cylindrical muscular structure attached to the large intestine
Villi
Tiny projections from a surface; in the small intestine, projections that aid in the absorption of nutrients.