psych notes 2

cones

help with colour vision in the eye in light, fine details

rods

photoreceptors for light, night vision

fovea

retina where there is a large cone concentration

blind spot

where the optic nerve connects to the retina

binding problem

linking objects together rather than seeing separated free floating ones

illusory conjunction

the brain continiously incorrectly combines features from different things

attention

processing certain info

perceptual constancy

even though things are constantly changing, our perception of them is constant

perceptual organization

grouping or segregating things to create whole objects

monocular depth cues

clues about depth needing only 1 eye (ex. lines, texture, interposition, relative height)

bioncular disparity

differences of the images on the retinas from both eyes

apparent motion

rapid signals firing pretending to be movement

change blindness

failure to detect gradual change of a visual scene

inattentional blindness

failure to see objects that are not the focus of attention

sound waves

changes in air pressure

pitch

high or low sound

loudness

intensity

timbre

quality of sound to distinguish source

cochlea

fluid filled structure that converts vibrations into impulses

basilar membrane

moves in time with the vibrations through a window

inner hair cells

specialized structure receptors on the membrane

place code

the brain using info about the hair cell acitivty to determine pitch

temporal code

uses the timing on the auditory nerve to compute what pitch you hear

haptic perception

using hands and touch to explore the environment

refered pain

pain when information from internal and external areas converge

gate-control theory

signals from pain receptors can be stopped by interneurons from the CNS

proprioception

sense of body position in space

vestibular system

fluid filled organs near the cochlea for position in space

olfactory receptor neurons

transduce smells into impulses

olfactory bulb

for smell detection under the frontal lobes

pheromones

odors that can trigger behavioural reactions in animals

taste buds

transducing food taste to impulses

consciousness

someones subjective experience of the world

phenomenology

how stuff is percieved by the conscious

problem of other minds

difficulty in perception of consciousness in others

mind-body problem

how is the mind connected to the brain and body

minimial consciousness

sensations are taken in but there only MIGHT be a response

full conscious

knowing and being able to say current mental state

self-consciousness

you realize that you are alive and conscious

mental control

changing consciousness states

though suppression

trying to consciously avoid a thought

rebound effect of TS

returning to the thought trying to be supressed

ironic processes of mental control

your mind works against you sometimes

dynamic unconscious

someones most inner memories, instincts and desires that are suppressed daily

repression

putting bad thoughts and desires in the unconscious