AP World Jeopardy | 40: The Cold War and Postwar Europe | 45: Changes in the Communist World

Units that controlled the German occupation zones

Occupying armies

Type of government established in postwar Italy

Republic

Defeated nations had to return these

Territories taken in the war

Former Nazis were put on trial, accused of being this

War criminals

Postwar leader of France

Charles de Gaulle

Main characteristic of France's postwar foreign policy

Nationalism

International forum that tried Nazi leaders for war crimes

Nuremberg trials

Systematic killing of an entire people, practiced by Hitler

Genocide

Nation that objected violently to German reindustrialization

France

Wartime meeting near Berlin where the Allies agreed how the peace treaties would be written up

Potsdam Conference

Wartime meeting in the southern Soviet Union where the Allies agreed to divide Germany into occupation zones

Yalta Conference

Number of zones Germany and Berlin were each divided into

Four

The new democratic government of West Germany

Federal Republic of Germany

The two strongest nations of the postwar world

United States and Soviet Union

War fought by politics and economics, not weapons

Cold War

How Great Britain and the United States sent supplies to Berlin

Airlift

Massive construction between East and West Berlin

Berlin Wall

Descriptive name of the nonphysical wall between Western and Eastern Europe

Iron Curtain

British leader who coined the term "Iron Curtain"

Winston Churchill

Country that surrounded Berlin

East Germany

U.S. policy that aimed at restricting the spread of communism

Containment

European country that received U.S. aid in 1947 to put down a communist-supported rebellion

Greece

The Soviet attempt to keep any supplies from reaching West Berlin

Berlin blockade

The mutual defense pact of the Western nations

NATO (the North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

The East European military alliance

Warsaw Pact

Soviet term for harmony between East and West

Peaceful coexistence

Gradual relaxation of tensions between the United States and U.S.S.R.

Détente

U.S. statement that it would help countries threatened by communism

Truman Doctrine

Stated 1950s U.S. policy of willingness to go to the verge of war

Brinkmanship

Event that doomed a U.S.-Soviet conference in 1960

U-2 incident

State like Great Britain where government took main responsibility for its citizens' welfare

Welfare state

The European Recovery Program; it provided U.S. aid to Europe

Marshall Plan

Many newly independent nations of this continent joined the EEC as associate members in the 1960s

Africa

U.S. official who suggested the policy of massive aid to Europe

Secretary of State George C. Marshall

Term for the amazingly rapid economic recovery of Germany

"German miracle"

Term for the East European countries dependent on and subordinate to the U.S.S.R.

Satellites

Soviet leader, Stalin's successor, who visited the United States in 1959

Nikita Khrushchev

Term for satellite independence; named for Yugoslavia's leader

Titoism

Soviet troops changed from an army of liberation in Eastern Europe to this

Army of occupation

Countries that took all of East Prussia

Poland and the Soviet Union

The new communist government of East Germany

German Democratic Republic

Country that briefly deposed its Soviet-controlled government in 1956

Hungary

Country that gained a small amount of domestic independence in 1956

Poland

Four of the six Soviet satellites

Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania [Name four.]

Germany lost a lot of territory to this country after World War II

Poland

Country that ejected the Sudetan Germans

Czechoslovakia

Northern states annexed by the U.S.S.R. in 1940

Baltic States

Two of the three northern (Baltic) states annexed by the U.S.S.R. in 1940

Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania [Name two.]

The Soviet secret police force

KGB

Youngest Soviet leader since Stalin

Mikhail Gorbachev

Nuclear plant; site of 1986 disaster

Chernobyl

Soviet citizens faced continuing shortages of this

Consumer goods and/or housing

New 1977 constitution gave dominance to this political party

Communist party

Khrushchev's attack on Stalinist policies

De-Stalinization

Commodity the Soviet Union had to buy from the West in 1963

Wheat (grain)

Some republics demanded more of this in the 1970s and 1980s

Local control

Gorbachev's new policy of openness

Glasnost

Gorbachev's new policy of economic reform

Perestroika

Gorbachev promoted a reduced government role for this organization

Communist party

Gorbachev assumed this position only after it was given real power over policy

President

Khrushchev had to remove missiles from this country in 1962

Cuba

The United States often brought up this domestic Soviet issue

Human rights

Direct teletype connection between the United States and U.S.S.R.

The hot line

A split developed between the Soviet Union and this neighboring communist country in 1961

China

The U.S.S.R. was mired in a war with this country from 1979 to 1989

Afghanistan

Soviet leader who met with U.S. President Nixon

Leonid Brezhnev

Two "northern" nations the U.S.S.R. supported in their wars with southern neighbors

North Korea and North Vietnam

The United States led a boycott against this Moscow event of 1980

Moscow (Summer) Olympics

The United States froze exports of this commodity to the U.S.S.R. in 1980

Grain

A spy plane from this country was shot down over the Soviet Union in 1960

United States

Soviet influence expanded in this continent during the 1970s

Africa

Brezhnev's policy of easing tensions with the West

Détente

West German firms built a pipeline to carry this from Siberia to Western Europe

Natural gas

Event in the United States boycotted by the Soviets in 1984

Los Angeles (Summer) Olympics

Fighting broke out with this country over a border dispute in 1969

China

Détente developed because the Soviet Union needed these two things from the West

Farm products and technology

A Soviet fighter shot down a passenger jetliner from this country in 1983

South Korea

Polish organization of trade unions

Solidarity

Founder of the Polish workers' union

Lech Walesa

Polish workers' strikes began in these workplaces

Shipyards

East Germany established formal relations with this country in 1974

West Germany

East Germany periodically challenged Western access to this city

Berlin

Country that was invaded by Soviet troops after starting reforms in 1968

Czechoslovakia

Members of this NATO rival became discontented in the 1970s

Warsaw Pact

Country that established martial law in late 1981

Poland

Many East Germans left their country in 1989 when their government did this

Opened its border

Term for the Czech uprising of 1968

Prague Spring

First popularly elected leader in Russian history

Boris Yeltsin

Gorbachev survived this in August 1991

Attempted coup

Military alliance that dissolved in 1991

Warsaw Pact

Pieces of this historic German structure became souvenirs when it was torn down in 1989

Berlin Wall

The three northwest republics of the U.S.S.R. that declared independence in 1990-91

Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania

Group term for the three northwest republics of the U.S.S.R. that declared independence

Baltic republics

Startling type of government that started in Poland and spread rapidly through Eastern Europe in 1989

Noncommunist government

Country of 15 republics that dissolved in 1991

U.S.S.R. (Soviet Union)

Severe, rising problem that plagued the newly noncommunist economies

Inflation

Work condition previously unknown in former communist economies

Unemployment

Novel event held in most East European countries in 1990

Free elections

The Soviet legislature passed power to these entities in 1991

Republics

"Ethnic cleansing" was carried out by Yugoslavian Serbs against these people

Croats and/or Slavic Muslims