Review of Key Concepts from American History (1824-1840)

This set of flashcards covers key terms and concepts from the U.S. history between 1824 and 1840, focusing on political events, cultural movements, and influential figures.

Election of 1824

An election that was marked by the controversy of the 'corrupt bargain' where John Quincy Adams was elected president over Andrew Jackson.

King Caucus

A method of selecting presidential candidates by party leaders in congress, ended after the election of 1824.

Corrupt Bargain

Allegation that John Quincy Adams had made a deal with Henry Clay to win the presidency against the popular vote.

Kitchen Cabinet

An informal group of advisors to President Andrew Jackson, often seen as more influential than his official cabinet.

Nullification Crisis

A showdown between South Carolina and the federal government over the state's ability to nullify federal laws, particularly the Tariff of 1828.

Tariff of 1828

Also known as the Tariff of Abominations, this tariff raised duties on raw materials and manufactured goods, causing outrage in the South.

Compromise Tariff of 1832

A tariff to resolve the Nullification Crisis by gradually lowering tariff rates.

Ordinance of Nullification

An act passed by South Carolina declaring the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 null and void.

Force Bill

Authorized President Jackson to use military force to enforce the tariffs, if necessary.

Indian Removal Act

Legislation that allowed the forced removal of Native Americans from their ancestral lands to designated 'Indian Territory' west of the Mississippi River.

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia

A Supreme Court case that denied the Cherokee Nation a standing to sue in federal court.

Worcester v. Georgia

A Supreme Court case that ruled that states could not impose laws on Native American lands.

Trail of Tears

The forced removal and march of the Cherokee people from their homeland to Indian Territory, resulting in significant suffering and death.

Democrats

The political party that emerged in the early 19th century, led by Andrew Jackson, advocating for the common man.

Black Hawk War

Conflict between American settlers and Native Americans led by Black Hawk in 1832, resulting in the defeat of Native American forces.

Dartmouth College v. Woodward

A Supreme Court case that upheld the sanctity of contracts, ruling that New Hampshire could not alter the charter of Dartmouth College.

Bank War

Conflict between President Jackson and supporters of the Second Bank of the United States over the renewal of the bank's charter.

Second Bank of the United States

A national bank chartered in 1816 that was a source of political contention during Jackson's presidency.

Nicholas Biddle

The president of the Second Bank of the United States who opposed Jackson's efforts to dismantle the bank.

Anti-Masonic Party

The first third party in the United States, formed in the 1820s, opposing the influence of the Freemasons.

Specie Circular

An executive order issued by Jackson requiring all public lands to be purchased with gold or silver, contributing to the Panic of 1837.

Panic of 1837

A financial crisis that triggered a severe economic depression in the United States.

Samuel F. B. Morse

Inventor of the telegraph and Morse code, significant in the communication revolution.

Washington Irving

An American author known for his fictional stories such as 'The Legend of Sleepy Hollow' and 'Rip Van Winkle'.

James Fenimore Cooper

A prominent American author known for his historical novels set in the early American frontier.

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Philosopher and leading figure of the Transcendentalist movement, promoting individualism and nature.

Thomas Cole

An artist known as the founder of the Hudson River School, emphasizing American landscape painting.

Whigs

A political party formed in opposition to Democrats, supporting modernization and economic protection policies.

Election of 1840

An election characterized by the campaigning style of the 'Log Cabin and Hard Cider' campaign for William Henry Harrison.

Panic of 1837

A major economic crisis in the U.S. that involved bank failures and unemployment.

Asher Durand

An important painter in the Hudson River School known for his landscapes and natural scenes.

Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge

A Supreme Court case that ruled against monopolistic control of a bridge, promoting competition.

Hudson River School

A group of landscape painters whose work focused on the American wilderness and nature.

Webster-Hayne Debate

A series of debates between Daniel Webster and Robert Hayne over states' rights versus federal authority.

Pet Banks

State banks selected to receive federal funds after Jackson vetoed the recharter of the Second Bank.

Roger Taney

The Secretary of the Treasury under Jackson who removed federal deposits from the Second Bank.

National Road/Cumberland Road

A major east-west highway that facilitated westward expansion and commerce.

Cyrus McCormick

Inventor of the mechanical reaper, revolutionizing agriculture in the U.S.

Erie Canal/DeWitt Clinton

A canal providing a navigable waterway from the Hudson River to Lake Erie, enhancing trade and settlement.

Samuel Slater

Known as the 'Father of the American Industrial Revolution' for bringing British textile technology to the U.S.

Steamboat/Robert Fulton

The development of the steamboat by Robert Fulton allowed for efficient river transportation.

American System

Economic plan advocating for high tariffs, a national bank, and internal improvements.

Market Revolution

A fundamental transformation in the American economy, characterized by the rise of market-oriented production.

Isaac Singer

The inventor of the sewing machine, altering garment production.

John Jacob Astor

A prominent fur trader and the first multi-millionaire in the U.S., known for his wealth from the fur trade.

Francis Cabot Lowell/Lowell Mills

Pioneered the factory system that combined all stages of textile manufacturing in one site.

Charles G. Finney

A leading preacher in the Second Great Awakening known for his passionate sermons and revivals.

Second Great Awakening

Religious revival movement in the early 19th century emphasizing personal piety and social reform.

Lowell Girls

Young women who worked in the textile mills of Lowell, symbolizing a new workforce.

Boston Associates

Group of merchants and industrialists in Boston who helped establish the Lowell Mills.

Putting-out system

A pre-industrial system of manufacturing where goods were produced at home, often by artisans.

John Deere

Inventor of the steel plow, which improved farming efficiency.

Declaration of Sentiment

Document from the Seneca Falls Convention outlining the rights women should be entitled to.

Catharine Beecher

Educator and author who advocated for women's education.

Harper's Magazine

A prominent American magazine known for its content on literature, politics, and culture.

Transcendentalism

A philosophical and literary movement that emphasizes living a simple life and celebrating nature.

Henry David Thoreau

A key figure in the Transcendentalist movement, known for his work 'Walden' and advocacy for civil disobedience.

Margaret Fuller

Feminist writer and editor associated with the Transcendentalist movement, promoting women's rights.

Movement

A term encapsulating significant social, political, or artistic changes in a society.