Entomology: Characteristic of arthropods

Name the kingdom

Animalia

What phylum are insects, millipedes, centipedes, crustaceans, spiders, scorpions, mites, ticks, and harvestmen in?

Arthropoda

What is the closest related phylum to Arthropoda?

Annelida

What is the Greek root for Arthropods?

Arthro: jointed

Poda: foot

What three functions does the exoskeleton have?

Protection, retain water, apodemes (muscle attachment)

What is an apodeme?

Where the exoskeleton invaginates, allowing for muscle attachment

How many types of legs are there?

7

What are the three types of symmetry?

Radial, bilateral, asymmetrical

What kind of symmetry do arthropods have?

Bilateral symmetry

What kind of circulatory system do arthropods have?

Open circulatory

What are three functions of the open circulatory system?

Transports nutrients to the cells, transports hormones, and carries waste products (*may also help with molting)

What kind of respiratory system do insects and spiders have?

Tracheal system

Explain the tracheal system in insects and spiders.

Respiration occurs through spiracles, which then move into tubes called trachea, which then move to tracheoles that are held together by tracheal end cells

Who has book lungs?

Chelicerates (includes spiders)

Who uses book gills?

Horseshoe crabs (aquatic)

Who uses gills?

Crustaceans

How do mosquito larvae breathe?

They have a singular spiracle located at the rear and hang upside down to breathe

What does tagmosis mean?

Fusion of segments into functional regions called tagma

What does tagma mean?

A division

What kind of tagma do centipedes and millipedes have?

(2) Head + trunk

What kind of tagma do spiders and crayfish have?

(2) Cephalothorax + abdomen

What kind of tagma do insects and many crustaceans have?

(3) Head + thorax + abdomen

What kind of tagma do mites, ticks, and harvestmen have?

(1) Body

How many segments did the ancestor to arthropods have?

20-21

What are the roots for exoskeleton?

Exo: out/outside

What does apodeme mean?

from, off, away

What are the roots for hemocoel?

Hemo: blood

Coel: hollow

What does ganglia mean?

Knots on a string