INVENTIONS AND INNOVATIONS IN THE FIELD OF MEDICAL LABORATORY

ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK

Father of Microbiology Microscope

EDWARD JENNER

Vaccination to establish immunity to small pox Impact: Immunology

MARIE FRANCOIS XAVIER BICHAT

Identified organs by their types of tissues Impact: Histology10

AGOSTINO BASSI

Produced disease in worms by injection of organic material Impact: Bacteriology

LOUIS PASTEUR

Produced immunity to rabies

GREGOR MENDEL

Enunciated his law of inherited characteristics from studies on plants

JOSEPH LISTER

Demonstrated that surgical infections are cause by airborne organisms

ROBERT KOCH

Presented the first pictures of bacilli (anthrax) and later tubercle bacilli

ELIE METCHNIKOFF

Described phagocytes in blood and their role in fighting infection

ERNST VON BERGMANN

Introduced steam sterilization in surgery

KARL LANDSTEINER

Distinguished blood groups through the development of the ABO blood group system

AUGUST VON WASSERMANN

Developed immunologic test for syphilis

HOWARD RICKETTS

Discovered microorganisms whose range lies between bacteria and viruses called rickettsiae

HANS FISCHER

Worked out the structure of hemoglobin

JONAS SALK

Developed poliomyelitis vaccine (inactivated)

JAMES WESTGARD

Introduced the Westgard Rules for quality control in the clinical laboratory

BARUCH SAMUEL BLUMBERG

Hepatitis B vaccine

KARY MULLIS

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

ANDRE VAN STEIRTGHEM

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection

JAMES THOMSON

Derived the first human stem cell line

WILLIAM HARVEY

Discovery of the circulation of blood Proved through vivisection, ligation, and perfusion that the heart acts as a muscular pump propelling the blood throughout the body in a continuous cycle

ROBERT HOOKE

Used microscope to document the existence of “cells”

MARCELLO MALPIGHI

Father of Histology Physician to Pope Innocent XII and was famous for his investigations of the embryology of the chick and the histology and physiology of the glands and viscera

FREDERIK DEKKERS

Urine contained protein would form a precipitate when boiled with acetic acid

THOMAS WILLIS

First to notice the characteristic sweet taste of diabetic urine (as it was infused with honey or sugar)

RICHARD LOWER

First to perform direct transfusion of blood from one animal to another

WILLIAM HEWSON

Father of Hematology Discover coagulation

GABRIEL FAHRENHEIT

Develops the mercury thermometer and the Fahrenheit temp scale

JOHN HILL

Introduces a method of obtaining specimens for microscopic study

J. W. TICHY

Observations of sediments in the urine of febrile patients

MATTHEW DOBSON

Proved that sweetness of the urine and blood serum in diabetes is caused by sugar

FRANCIS HOME

Developed yeast test for sugar determination in diabetic urine

ANTOINE FRANCOIS DE FOURCROY

Discovers cholesterol

JOHANNES EVANGELISTA PURKINJE

Pioneer the use of microscope Description of the germinal vesicle in the embryo, description and naming of protoplasm, discovery of the sudoriferous glands of the skin and their excretory ducts

JOHN SNOW

Studied the great cholera outbreak in London

KARL VON VIERORDT

Coagulation time as an index of blood coagulation

SIR ALMROTH EDWARD WRITE

Observed the role of calcium salts in the coagulation of blood

PAUL EHRLICH

Developed methods of drying and fixing blood smears using heat Discovered mast cells and classified white blood cells according to its granulation

ALEXANDER FLEMING

Penicillin (paramount in initiating the antibiotic era)