mirrors directions

concave mirror steps

1. Straight line from object to the mirror

2. Line to focal point

then

1. Object through focal point to mirror

2. Straight horizontal line

convex mirror steps

1. Straight line from object to mirror

2. Line to focal point that diverges then

3. Object to C (center of curvature). Note: Convex mirrors always produce virtual, smaller images.

concave lenses

1. straight line from object to mirror

2. parallel line from front Focal point

then

1. straight line from object through center

convex lenses

1. Straight line from object to lens

2. Line bounce to focal point

then

1. straight to focal point

2. once reaching lens, straight line

plane mirror

1. image = distance away

2. top of image to eye, then top of object to the line to connect

then

2. bottom of image to eye

3. bottom of object to the line

creates angle of incidence = angle of reflection