Nomenclature

A monatomic cation

Add the word ion to the name of the element 

A monatomic anion

Change the ending of the element’s name to -ide and add the word ion

Metals w/ multiple different charges

Use Roman numerals (+ charges only)

Ionic compound, Metal cation has only 1 possible charge

Name metal first, Add -ide ending to the root of the nonmetal.

Ionic compound, Metal cation has more than 1 possible charge

Name metal first, specify charge of metal cation w/ Roman numeral in parentheses, Add -ide to root of nonmetal name.

Al³⁺

Aluminum

Ba²⁺

Barium

Cd²⁺

cadmium

Ca²⁺

Calcium

Cs⁺

Cesium

Cr³⁺

Chromium(III)

Co²⁺

Cobalt(II)

Cu⁺

Copper(I)

Cu²⁺

Copper(II)

H⁺

Hydrogen

Fe²⁺

Iron(II)

Fe³⁺

Iron(III)

Pb²⁺

Lead(II)

Li⁺

Lithium

Mg²⁺

Magnesium

Mn²⁺

Manganese(II)

Hg²⁺

Mercury(II)

K⁺

Potassium

Ag⁺

Silver

Na⁺

Sodium

Sr²⁺

Strontium

Sn²⁺

tin(II)

Zn²⁺

zinc

Br^-

Bromide

Cl^-

Chloride

F^-

Fluoride

H^-

Hydride

I^-

Iodide

N^3-

Nitride

O^2-

Oxide

S^2-

Sulfide

Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules

H₂,N₂,O₂,F₂,Cl₂,Br₂,I₂

1 Prefix

Mono-

2 Prefix

Di-

3 Prefix

Tri-

4 Prefix

Tetra-

5 Prefix

Penta-

6 Prefix

Hexa-

7 Prefix

Hepta-

8 Prefix

Octa-

9 Prefix

Nona-

10 Prefix

Deca-

Molecular compounds, 2 nonmetals

First name element that appears first in the formula, then name the second element and change its ending to -ide. NOTE: we eliminate the last letter of a prefix that ends in o or a when naming an oxide and usually dont use mono- prefix for the first element

HCl

Hydrogen Chloride

CO

Carbon monoxide

CO₂

Carbon dioxide

SO₂

Sulfur dioxide

SO₃

Sulfur trioxide

NO₂

Nitrogen dioxide

N₂O₅

Dinitrogen pentoxide

B₂H₆

Diborane

SiH₄

Silane

NH₃

Ammonia

PH₃

Phosphine

H₂O

Water

H₂S

Hydrogen sulfide

HF

Hydrogen fluoride 

HCl

Hydrogen chloride

HBr

Hydrogen bromide

HI

Hydrogen iodide

HCN

Hydrogen cyanide

Acids: produce hydrogen ions when dissolved in water

1. Remove -gen from hydrogen

2. Change the -ide ending on second element to -ic

3. Combine the two words and add the word acid

HF Acid

Hydrofluoric acid

HCl Acid

Hydrochloric Acid

HBr Acid

Hydrobromic Acid

HI

Hydroiodic Acid

HCN

Hydrocyanic Acid

CH₄

Methane

C₂H₆

Ethane

C₃H₈

Propane

C₄H₁₀

Butane

C₅H₁₂

Pentane

C₆H₁₄

Hexane

C₇H₁₆

Heptane

C₈H₁₈

Octane

C₉H₂₀

Nonane

C₁₀H₂₂

Decane

Oxoanions: polyatomic anions that contain 1 or more oxygen atoms and one central atom of another element; Some occur in series of 2 or more ions w/ the same central atom but diff # of  Oxygen atoms 

1. Ion w/ 1 more O atom than the -ate ion is called per…ate ion.

2. Ion w/ 1 less O atom than the -ate ion is called the -ite ion.

3. Ion with 2 fewer O atoms than the -ate ion called the hypo…ite ion.

NH₄⁺

Ammonium

H₃O⁺

Hydronium

Hg₂²⁺

Mercury(I)

C₂H₃O₂^-

acetate

N₃^-

azide

CO₃^3-

carbonate

ClO₃^-

chlorate

ClO₂^-

chlorite

CrO₄^2-

chromate

CN^-

cyanide

Cr₂O₇^2-

dichromate

H₂PO₄^-

dihydrogen phosphate

HCO₃^-

hydrogen carbonate or bicarbonate

HPO₄^2-

Hydrogen phosphate

HSO₄^-

hydrogen sulfate or bisulfate 

OH^-

hydroxide

ClO^-

hypochlorite