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Fort Sumter
First battle of the Civil War
Robert Anderson
Union general at Fort Sumter
West Virginia
Entered the union in 1863
Uncle Tom's Cabin
a novel published by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1852 which portrayed slavery as brutal and immoral
Harriet Beecher Stowe
(1811-1896) American author and daughter of Lyman Beecher
Stephen Douglas
Senator from Illinois who ran for president against Abraham Lincoln. Wrote the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Freeport Doctrine
Popular Sovereignty
A government in which the people rule by their own consent.
Kansas-Nebraska Act
a law that allowed voters in Kansas and Nebraska to choose whether to allow slavery
Republican Party
Antislavery political party that formed in the 1850s.
James Buchanan
15th President
Charles Sumner
Abolitionist senator whose verbal attack on the South provoked a physical assault that severely injured him
Preston Brooks
Responsible for beating radical republican Charles Sumner with his cane
Dred Scott
United States slave who sued for liberty after living in a non-slave state
Roger B. Taney
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court during the Dred Scott decision
John Brown
Abolitionist who was hanged after leading an unsuccessful raid at Harper's Ferry
Robert E. Lee
Confederate general
Fire-eaters
Southern political leaders who held extreme pro-slavery views.
Seccession
The act of leaving the Union
John C. Breckinridge
Buchanan's vice president who was nominated for president. He supported the expansion of slavery.
Abraham Lincoln
16th President of the United States saved the Union during the Civil War and emancipated the slaves; was assassinated by Booth (1809-1865)
John Bell Presidential candidate of the Constitutional Union Party. He drew votes away from the Democrats
helping Lincoln win.
Constitutional Union Party
Formed by moderate Whigs and Know-Nothings in an effort to elect a compromise candidate and avert a sectional crisis.
Confederate States of America
A republic formed in February of 1861 and composed of the eleven Southern states that seceded from the United States
Jefferson Davis
President of the Confederate States of America
Alexander Stephens
Vice President of the Confederacy
Antebellum
before the war (especially the American civil war)
Wage Slaves
factory workers in the North who worked long hours
Article 6 of the Constitution
Supremacy Clause - clearly states that national law will be supreme over state law
Amendment 10 of the Constitution
Any powers not given to the federal government by the Constitution are reserved to the states.
Middle Passage
A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies
Overseers
people who watch over and direct the work of slaves
Gang System
The organization and supervision of slave field hands into working teams on southern plantations.
Task System
A method of organizing enslaved labor in which workers were given a specific set of jobs to accomplish every day
Underground Railroad
A system that helped enslaved African Americans follow a network of escape routes out of the South to freedom in the North
Frederick Douglass
United States abolitionist who escaped from slavery and became an influential writer and lecturer in the North (1817-1895)
Abolitionist
A person who wanted to end slavery in the United States
Harriet Tubman
Former slave who helped slaves escape on the Underground Railroad
William Lloyd Garrison
United States abolitionist who published an anti-slavery journal (1805-1879)
Horace Greeley
Abolitionist newspaper publisher one of the founders of the Republican Party.
Spirituals
Religious folk songs that blended biblical themes with the realities of slavery