Science Notes (1)

Geology

The branch of Earth science that studies the Earth's materials and processes occurring below and on its surface.

Meteorology

The study of the atmosphere and the processes that produce weather and climate.

Oceanography

The scientific study of the ocean, including its physical properties, sea floor topography, chemical composition, ecosystems, and marine life.

Astronomy

The study of the universe, including celestial objects such as stars, planets, comets, and galaxies.

Big Bang Theory

The leading explanation about how the universe began, suggesting it started as an extremely hot and dense point that has been expanding ever since.

Cosmology

The study of the universe, its origin, structure, and behavior.

Cosmological Redshift

The phenomenon where light from distant galaxies shifts to longer wavelengths as the universe expands, indicating they are moving away from us.

Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR)

The afterglow radiation from the Big Bang, discovered accidentally by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson.

Nebular Theory

The theory that the solar system formed from a rotating cloud of gas and dust (solar nebula) that collapsed under gravity.

Stellar Evolution

The process by which stars form, evolve, and eventually die, including stages like nebula, protostar, main-sequence star, and red giant.

Foliated Rocks

Metamorphic rocks that have a layered or banded appearance due to the alignment of minerals under directed pressure.

Endogenic Processes

Geological processes driven by internal forces of the Earth, such as tectonic activity and volcanism.

Exogenic Processes

Geological processes driven by external forces, such as weathering, erosion, and deposition.

Orogenesis

The process of mountain formation, typically as a result of collision and interaction of tectonic plates.

Fault Block Mountain

Mountains formed by the movement of large blocks of the Earth's crust along faults.

Plate Tectonics

The theory that the Earth's outer shell is divided into several plates that glide over the mantle.

Metamorphism

The process by which existing rocks are changed by heat, pressure, or chemically active fluids.

Sedimentary Rocks

Rocks formed from the accumulation and compaction of sediments, including detrital, chemical, and organic types.

Igneous Rocks

Rocks formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.

Rock Cycle

The continuous process by which rocks are formed, changed, destroyed, and reformed through geological processes.

Minerals

Naturally occurring, inorganic solids with crystalline structures and defined chemical compositions.