ELA Puritan Test Review

Calvinism

Calvinism

A theological system emphasizing predestination, total depravity, and the sovereignty of God.

Predestination

The doctrine that all events have been willed by God, particularly the salvation of some and not others.

Mayflower Compact

An agreement made by the Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower to establish a government based on majority rule.

God’s Promise to His Plantation

A notion that God has chosen certain individuals and promised them a place of prosperity and safety.

A Model of Christian Charity

A sermon by John Winthrop highlighting the moral responsibilities of the rich and the interconnectedness of society.

Golden Rule

The ethical principle to treat others as one would like to be treated.

Law of Nature

Moral principles inherent in human nature guiding behavior, such as loving your neighbor.

Law of Grace

The belief that one's actions should further God's glory and serve the community.

John Winthrop

First governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, known for his vision of a 'city upon a hill'.

Spectral Evidence

Testimony in witch trials based on claims that the spirit or specter of a person committed witchcraft.

Salem Witch Trials

A series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft in colonial Massachusetts.

Anne Hutchinson

A key figure in the early Massachusetts Bay Colony known for her religious dissent and ultimately exiled for her beliefs.

Roger Williams

A minister who advocated for the separation of church and state and founded the colony of Rhode Island.

Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God

A famous sermon by Jonathan Edwards emphasizing the precariousness of human existence without God's grace.

Mercy and Justice

The dual principles guiding interactions between the rich and poor, requiring compassion alongside fairness.

A Model of Christian Charity

Winthrop's vision for a community based on Christian love and mutual support.

Tobacco

The cash crop that played a crucial role in the economic development of early Virginia settlements.

Thanksgiving

A harvest festival celebrated by the Pilgrims and Native Americans marking their cooperation in the New World.

John Proctor

A central character in 'The Crucible,' known for his moral integrity and opposition to the witch trials. Quote: 'I have given you my soul; leave me my name!'

Abigail Williams

Antagonist of 'The Crucible,' she instigates the witch trials. Quote: 'I want to open myself!... I want the light of God, I want the sweet love of Jesus!'

Elizabeth Proctor

John Proctor's wife, she represents virtue and honesty. Quote: 'I am no good woman.'

Reverend Hale

A minister who initially supports the witch trials but later regrets his actions. Quote: 'I may shut my conscience to it no more!'

Deputy Danforth

The deputy governor of Massachusetts and presiding judge in the witch trials. Quote: 'We burn a hot fire here; it melts down all concealment.'

Tituba

The first woman accused of witchcraft, she is a slave from Barbados. Quote: 'I want to fly to Mama!'

Giles Corey

A courageous character who challenges the court; ultimately executed. Quote: 'More weight!'

Mary Warren

The Proctors' servant who is caught between loyalty and fear. Quote: 'I cannot, they will turn on me!'

Reverend Parris

The paranoid minister of Salem who prioritizes his reputation over truth. Quote: 'You cannot hang this sort. There is danger for me.'

Judge Hathorne

A judge who presides over the Salem witch trials, supporting the court's decisions. Quote: 'A person is either with this court or he must be counted against it, there be no road between.'

City upon a Hill

A concept from John Winthrop's sermon symbolizing an ideal society that serves as a moral example to others.

Providentialism

The belief that God actively intervenes in human affairs to fulfill divine purposes.

Covenant Theology

The understanding that God has established agreements (covenants) with humanity, outlining mutual commitments.

New England Puritanism

A religious movement that emerged in the late 16th century, focused on creating a God-centered community.

Moral Obligation

The ethical duty to act in ways that align with God's will and support the community.

Divine Authority

The belief that rulers gain their power directly from God, affecting certain aspects of colonial governance.

Christian Benevolence

The emphasis on the necessity of compassion and kindness among members of a community, as promoted by Puritan leaders.