Practical (Endocrine & Cardiovascular)

hormones

chemical messengers that go through the blood stream from endocrine gland to the organ that produces response to send it to lock and key

Hypothamalus

connects the nervous system and endocrine system; controls hormones from the CNS

pituitary gland

monitors and regulates growth hormones; also contains growth hormones

-master gland (energy, growth, reproduction)

thyroid

regulates metabolism and use of energy

parathyroid

4 tiny glands that sit behind thyroid

-makes peptide hormone

adrenal gland

produces hormones that help regulate metabolism and other body functions

-makes cortisol (stress hormone) = fight/flight

pancreas

Regulates the level of sugar in the blood

-also makes digestive enzymes

-insulin

ovary

produces estrogen that controls female puberty and progesterone that manages fertility

testis

produces testosterone that controls males puberty and ability to produce sperm

pineal gland

secretes melatonin

arteries

Blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart

veins

Blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart

tunica externa

outer layer of a blood vessel which connects it to surrounding tissues

-connective tissue sheath

tunica media

The middle and thickest layer of tissue of a blood vessel wall, composed of elastic tissue and smooth muscle cells that allow the vessel to expand or contract in response to changes in blood pressure and tissue demand.

-smooth muscle (thicker in arteries)

tunica intima

CT & endothelium

blood flow through the heart

1. Superior & Inferior vena cava

2. Right atrium

3. Tricuspid valve

4. Right ventricle

5. Pulmonary valve

6. Pulmonary arteries

7. Pulmonary veins

8. Left atrium

9. Mitral valve

10. Left ventricle

11. Aortic valve

12. Aorta

P wave

atrial depolarization by SA node

QRS

where blood flows in & out of ventricles

T wave

recovery by perkinje fibers

PQRST

electrical output of heart measured on paper

bradycardia

slow heart rate

tachycardia

fast heart rate

electrical impulse travels through heart steps

1. sinoatrial node (SA)=pacemaker

2. Atrioventricular node

3. right bundle branch

4. left bundle branch

5. perkinje fibers

layers of the heart wall (inside--> outside)

Endocardium, myocardium, epicardium, pericardial cavity, parietal pericardium, fibrous pericardium