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element
a pure substance made of only one kind of atom
atom
smallest particle of an element that can exist
group (on PT)
a vertical column of elements in the Periodic table, elements in the same group have similar chemical properties
period (on PT)
horizontal rows
isotopes
atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
allotrope
different forms of the same element
lattice
regular repeating pattern of atoms
Relative atomic mass formula
Sum of (isotope abundance x isotope mass number) / 100
ions
positively and negatively charged atoms
mixtures
a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined
retention factor equation
distance moved by substance/distance moved by solvent
redox reaction
an oxidation reaction paired with a reduction reaction (OILRIG)
covalent bonding
a bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
ionic bonding
Chemical bonding that results from the electrical attraction between cation and anions
metallic bonding
the attraction between positively charged metal ions and delocalised electrons
oxidation
loss of electrons
reduction
gain of electrons
ionisation
Any process in which atoms become charged
Note 
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