Nation-State, Nations, and Nationalism

State

Is considered to be the main political actor inside the global political and economic arena.

State

A community of persons more or less numerous.

State

Permanently occupying a definite portion of territory.

State

Having a government of their own, to which the great body of inhabitants render obedience.

State

Enjoying freedom from external control (Sovereignty).

Sovereignty

Enjoying freedom from external control

Philippines as a State

Yes

People

Refers to the inhabitants living within the state.

People

Without ___, there can be no functionaries to govern and no subjects to be governed.

Territory

Includes not only the fixed portion of land over which the jurisdiction of the state extends.

Government

Refers to the institution or agency responsible for political control and administration.

Sovereignty

The ultimate authority of a state to command and enforce obedience.

Sovereignty

It means the state has full control over its affairs and people.

Three Main Domains (Terrestial, Fluvial, Aerial)

The jurisdiction of the state extends over ___

Terrestrial Domain

Refers to the landmass of the national territory, which includes the Philippine archipelago.

Terrestrial Domain, 7,641 islands

The Philippines is an archipelagic state (about ___ ).

Terrestrial Domain

The islands and their surrounding waters are included under the concept of the archipelago.

Fluvial Domain

Encompasses the bodies of water within and surrounding the archipelago (rivers, lakes, coastal waters).

Fluvial Domain, 12 nautical miles

Under UNCLOS, a state has sovereignty over a territorial sea of ___ from the baseline.

Aerial Domain

Refers to the airspace above the terrestrial and fluvial domains.

Aerial Domain

Sovereignty extends vertically upwards from the land and waters.

Aerial Domain

The Philippines regulates air travel, grants overflight rights, and enforces national and international aviation laws.

Maritime Regimes and Claims

Beyond the territorial sea, the Philippines exercises rights over the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), extending 200 nautical miles from the baseline.

Maritime Regimes and Claims

Rights to explore and exploit marine resources.

Maritime Regimes and Claims

Seabed and subsoil extending to the continental shelf also fall under jurisdiction (oil, minerals).

Maritime Regimes and Claims

Other claims: International Treaty Limits, Kalayaan Claim (Spratlys), Scarborough Shoal.

Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ)

A designated area requiring identification, location, and control of aircraft for national security.

Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ)

Not a requirement under international law.

Executive Branch

Enforces laws and leads the country.

Executive Branch

Ensures schools, roads, hospitals are built.

Executive Branch

Personnel: President, Vice-President, Cabinet Members, Local Government (Governor, Vice-Governor, Mayor, Vice-Mayor, Brgy. Captain).

Legislative Branch

Creates new laws and approves the budget.

Legislative Branch

Passes laws on education, environment, taxes.

Legislative Branch

Composition: Senate (24 Senators) and House of Representatives (1. District Representatives, 2. Partylist Representatives).

Republic Act 7610

Special Protection of Children Against Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination Act.

Republic Act 7610

Shields children from all forms of abuse and exploitation.

Republic Act 10911

Anti-Age Discrimination in Employment Act.

Republic Act 10911

Prohibits age-based discrimination in hiring, promotion, and other employment practices.

Judiciary Branch

Decides if laws are fair and protects the rights of people.

Judiciary Branch

Judges ensure no one is above the law.

Constitution

A formal document containing rules and principles that guide how sovereign power is used.

Constitution

It is the supreme law, meaning that all other laws must conform to it.

Bill of Rights

A declaration and enumeration of the individual rights and privileges protected against violations by the government or individuals/groups.

Bill of Rights

Right to LOVE

Bill of Rights

Right to LIVE

Bill of Rights

Right to VOTE

Bill of Rights

Right to Privacy

Bill of Rights

Right to Education

Bill of Rights

Student fare discount

Bill of Rights

Freedom of Religion

Sovereignty

saa·vr·uhn·tee

Sovereignty

The ultimate authority of a state to command and enforce obedience.

Sovereignty

It means the state has full control over its affairs and people.

Internal Sovereignty

The power to govern within its territory, make laws, and maintain order.

External Sovereignty

The power to act independently in global affairs, free from foreign control.

Treaty of Manila (1946)

Officially recognized the Philippines as a sovereign nation.

Treaty of Manila (1946)

Parties: United States and the Philippines.

Treaty of Manila (1946)

Significance: Formally recognized Philippine sovereignty.

Treaty of Versailles

Context: Ended World War I.

Treaty of Versailles

Parties: Allied Powers vs. Germany.

Treaty of Versailles

Significance: Global context.

Treaty of Paris (1898)

Context: Ended the Spanish–American War.

Treaty of Paris (1898)

Parties: United States and Spain.

Treaty of Paris (1898)

Significance: Transfer of the Philippines from Spain to the U.S.

Tydings–McDuffie Act

U.S. promised the Philippines its independence after a 10-year transition.

Tydings–McDuffie Act

Parties: U.S. Congress and the Philippine Commonwealth.

Tydings–McDuffie Act

Significance: Precursor to independence.