Exam 3 Preparation Flashcards

These flashcards cover key topics from the lecture notes to aid in exam preparation.

What did Europe gain from its empires during the Enlightenment?

Wealth from raw materials and trade, global political and military power, new knowledge and cultural artifacts, labor through slavery and exploitation, and prestige and national pride.

What transformation occurred in Europe due to the creation of its empires?

Industrial growth accelerated, cities and infrastructure expanded, racial and national ideologies strengthened, cultural exchange and scientific knowledge increased, and class struggles and anti-imperialist ideas grew.

What were the main ideas of the Enlightenment?

Reason over tradition, individual rights and liberty, separation of powers in government, religious tolerance, social contract and democracy.

What characterized the British Empire?

Strong naval power, economic power from goods obtained through colonies, law and order maintained by administrators, use of English as a language, and contributions like the Commonwealth.

What was significant about the Dutch Empire?

Wealth from spice trade and sugar plantations, innovations in banking and marketing, and key historical entities such as the VOC.

What achievements characterized the Mughal Empire?

A powerful army, leaders like Akbar, effective administration, a functioning tax system, and the Taj Mahal.

What strategic advantages did the Ottoman Empire have?

Their location for trade between Europe, Africa and Asia, diverse resources, and tools like the Millet system for ruling distant lands.

How did the Portuguese Empire contribute to exploration?

Established exploration efforts through figures like Prince Henry the Navigator, built caravel ships, influenced the slave trade, and engaged with regions from Africa to India.

What was the role of serfs in the Russian Empire?

Peasants tied to landowners, providing manpower in agriculture.

What were the main causes of the Haitian Revolution?

Brutal slavery, harsh plantation conditions, social inequalities, and inspiration from Enlightenment ideas and the French Revolution.

Who were key leaders of the Haitian Revolution?

Toussaint Louverture, Jean-Jacques Dessalines, Henri Christophe, and Alexandre Petion.

What impact did the Haitian Revolution have on slavery and colonialism?

It inspired uprisings in other colonies, caused slaveholders to fear revolts, and led to harsher controls.

What was the Boston Tea Party?

A protest by colonists who dumped British tea into Boston Harbor dressed as Mohawk Indians.

What was revolutionary about the American Revolution?

The idea that government should be based on the consent of the governed, rejecting monarchy and hereditary rule.

What did the Congress of Vienna aim to achieve?

Restore monarchies and redraw the map of Europe to balance power, avoiding future wars.

How did Romanticism react to industrialization?

Focused on nature, individuality, spirituality, and rejected industrialization and secularization.

How did Jean-Jacques Rousseau influence Romantic thought?

Emphasized the purity of childhood, emotion, and the importance of uncorrupted education.

What was the primary focus of Goethe's The Sorrows of Young Werther?

Intense emotion and individual experience through tragic love, highlighting sensitivity and isolation.

What themes does Francisco Goya's The Sleep of Reason reflect?

The chaotic side of the human mind, critiquing the abandonment of reason for emotion.

What were the main effects of the Industrial Revolution?

Increased goods availability, urban growth, poor working conditions, pollution, and social inequality.

What were the positive effects of the Industrial Revolution?

More goods at lower prices, urban growth, job creation, and scientific progress.

What was the triangular trade during the Industrial Revolution?

A trade system between Europe, Africa, and the Americas involving manufactured goods, slaves, and raw materials.

What factors contributed to the Industrial Revolution starting in England?

Access to coal and iron, a strong banking system, a large empire with global trade networks, and political stability.