Central Nervous System, Peripheral Nervous System( No disorders)

Weight of adult brain

3 pounds

Three meninges

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

occipital lobe

responsible for eyesight

another name for nerve cell

neuron

Consists of brain & spinal cord

Central Nervous System

Neuron emerges from skin or sense organs

sensory

Without oxygen brain damage will occur?

4 to 8 minutes

Most highly organized system in the body

central nervous system

largest part of the brain

cerebrum

outer covering of the brain

dura mater

Carry messages to muscles and glands from brain and spinal cord

efferent neurons

Where the message goes from one cell to the next

synapse

responsible for speech

frontal lobe

responsible for pain

parietal

Carry messages TO the brain & spinal cord from body parts, muscles and glands

afferent neuron

Three membranous covering of brain

meninges

Function of CSF

liquid shock absorber

covers surface of the brain

pia mater

chemical substances that make it possible for messages to cross the synapse of a neuron to a target receptor

neurotransmitters

made up of frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital lobes

cerebrum

Contains 12 prs of cranial nerves & 31 prs of spinal nerves

peripheral nervous system

part of brain responsible for muscle coordination, balance, posture, and muscle tone

cerebellum

How soon should a CVA patient be treated to reduce damage?

3 hours

medulla oblongota

respiratory center, bp, heart rate

cerebellum

responsible for muscle coordination, balance, posture and muscle tone

43

total number of pairs of both spinal and cranial nerves

Structures of PNS

all the nerves that connect the brain & spinal cord with sensory receptors, muscles, & glands

Nerve

bundle of fibers enclosed by connective tissue

Afferent/Sensory nerve

conveys information from receptors in the body to the brain & spinal cord

Efferent/Motor nerve

conveys information from the brain & spinal cord to muscles & glands

Number of cranial nerves

12 pairs

Number of spinal nerves

31 pairs

Controlled by cranial nerves

smell, eyesight, eye movement, facial expressions, tongue movement

Two divisions of PNS

Somatic & Autonomic

Structures of Somatic system

spinal and cranial nerves

Function of Somatic system

conducts impulses from the brain & spinal cord to skeletal muscles, causing us to respond to changes in our external environment

Somatic System

Voluntary

Two divisions of Autonomic system

Sympathetic & Parasympathetic

Sympathetic system referred to as....

Fight or Flight

Function of Parasympathetic system

restore balance to the body system after the danger has passed; rest & digest

Emotion

Influences sympathetic & parasympathetic systems

ventricles

hollow spaces that connect with each other and with the space under the arachnoid membrane and are filled with cerebrospinal fluid

Axon

part of neuron that carries impulse away from cell body

sympathatetic and parasympathetic

divisions of autonomic nervous system

pia matter

innermost meningeal membrane

arachnoid mater

weblike middle layer of the three meninges

Brainstem

made up of midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

cerebrospinal fluid

Acts as a liquid shock absorber protecting the delicate brain and spinal cord and removes metabolic waste products

Neuron

nerve cell

aphasia

inability to speak

I. Olfactory

smelling

II. Optic

reading Tennis magazine or this study guide

III Occulomotor Motor

raising eyelids, or focusing eyes

IV Trochlear

rolling eyes

V Trigeminal

chewing, face and mouth touch and pain

VI Abducens

eye abduction

VII Facial

involved in smiling

VIII Vestibulocochlear

hearing and balance

IX Glossopharangeal

tasting and swallowing

X Vagus

senses aortic blood pressure

slows heart rate

stimulates digestive organs

taste

XI Accessory

Moving head & shoulders, swallowing

XII Hypoglossal

motor to tongue; speech