Matter and Rock Cycle Review

These flashcards cover key concepts related to matter and the rock cycle based on the provided lecture notes.

What is matter made of?

Matter is made up of atoms, elements, molecules, and compounds.

What is a compound?

A compound consists of different elements, molecules, and atoms.

What type of bonding involves shared electrons between non-metals?

Covalent bonding.

What are the characteristics of ionic bonds?

Formed between a metal and a non-metal, stronger than covalent bonds, dissolves in water, and is brittle.

What is the main component of Earth's crust?

Oxygen is the most common element in Earth's crust.

List the criteria to be considered a mineral.

Solid, natural occurring, inorganic, crystalline structure, and defined chemical composition.

What are the three main types of rocks?

Igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks.

How does igneous rock form?

Igneous rock forms when magma cools and solidifies.

What is sedimentary rock composed of?

Sedimentary rock is formed from sediments resulting from the breakdown of rocks and organic materials.

What are the processes involved in the formation of sedimentary rock?

Weathering, erosion, transportation, deposition, and accumulation.

Define metamorphic rock.

Metamorphic rock has undergone changes in its internal structure due to heat, pressure, or both.

What is regional metamorphism?

Metamorphism that occurs over large areas under heat and pressure.

What does foliation in metamorphic rocks refer to?

The layering that can occur in rocks due to pressure applied in one direction.

What is contact metamorphism?

Metamorphism that occurs when rocks come into direct contact with molten rock or hot fluids.

What is lithification?

The process through which sediments are turned into coherent rock.

What is the Mohs scale?

A scale that measures the hardness of minerals.

What is the process of cementation?

Minerals precipitate from groundwater and bond sediment particles together.

What type of sedimentary rock is formed from broken bits of rock?

Detrital (clastic) sedimentary rock.

What is vesicular igneous rock?

Igneous rock that is full of gas pockets due to rapid cooling.

What does the term 'grain size' refer to in sedimentary rocks?

The size of the individual particles within the rock.