Forensic Psychology Chapter 7 (Bartol)

Adolescent limited offenders

Individuals who usually demonstrate delinquent or antisocial behavior only during their teen years and then stop during adulthood

Antisocial behavior

Any behavior that is considered a violation of social norms in society; may or may not be defined as crime

Antisocial personality disorder

A disorder characterized by a history of continuous behavior in which the rights of others are violated

ADHD

Traditionally considered a chronic neurological condition characterized by developmentally poor attention, impulsivity and hyperactivity

Callous unemotional traits

Group of personality characteristics believed to be associated with psychopathy such as self centered ness and lack of empathy

Coercion developmental model

Model that asserts that a strong predictor of early onset offending is the family environment in which the child learns to utilize coercive behaviors (whining, temper tantrum) to escape aversive parental discipline and authority

Conduct disorder

A diagnostic label used to identity children who demonstrate habitual misbehavior

Developmental dual systems model

Refers to the difference in cognitive and emotional brain development in adolescents, making them more prone to sensation seeking and risk taking behaviors

Emotional intelligence

Ability to know how ones own self and others are feeling and the capacity to use that information to guide thoughts and actions

Executive functions

Higher order mental abilities involved in goal directed behavior; organizing, memory, planning, inhibition strategies etc

Factor analysis

A statistical procedure by which underlying patterns and personality characteristics are identified

Fire setting

An abnormal fascination with fire accompanied by attempts to start harmful fires

Four factor perspective

A model that sees psychopathy as consisting of four core factors: interpersonal, impulsive, affective, and antisocial

Gendered pathways approach

Research that indicates that girls/woman and boys/men develop criminal behavior in different ways

Hostile attribution bias

The tendency of of some individuals to perceive hostile intent in others even when it is totally lacking

Juvenile delinquency

Broad term for variety of antisocial acts committed by youth, some but not all are criminal

Juvenile delinquent

Young person who commits an act against the criminal code and who is adjudicated delinquent by an appropriate court

Life course persistent offenders

Offenders who demonstrate a lifelong pattern of antisocial behavior and often resistant to treatment or rehab

Oppositional defiant disorder

In children, this disorder symptoms include arguing with adults, refusing adult request, deliberate annoyance, blaming others and being spiteful and vindictive

Psychopath

Individual who demonstrates distinct behavioral pattern that differs from general population lack of sensitivity, no empathy or compassion/guilt.

Self regulation

The ability to control ones behavior in accordance with internal cognitive standards

Sociopath

The individual with a history of serious and typically violent criminal activity. Should be distinguished from psychopath, who does not necessarily commit crimes, but who is distinguished by having an inordinate biological need for stimulatio

Status offenses

A class of illegal behavior that only persons with certain characteristics or status can commit. Used almost exclusively to refer to the behavior of juveniles. Examples include running away from home, violating curfew, buying alcohol, or skipping school.

Temperament

Natural mood disposition determined largely by genetic and biological influences

Uniform crime reports

Program operated by FBI and governments main method of collecting national data on crimes reported to the police and arrests