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this unit is really boring apush 2.0 aah unit
social contract
some freedoms sacrificed in exchange for government protection
popular sovereignty
government power is from the consent of the governed
participatory democracy
broad participation in politics/society by people from various statuses
pluralist democracy
group-based activism by citizens with common interests who seek the same goals
elitist democracy
power to the educated/wealthy
strengths of the Articles of Confederation
created federalism, ended the Revolutionary War, established the Northwest Ordinance
weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation
weak central government, could not enforce taxes, no standing military, no national currency, no Supreme Court, no executive branch, needed unanimous vote to amend the Articles (very hard)
Virginia Plan
by Madison, supported bicameral legislature based on population size (supported by larger states)
New Jersey Plan
unicameral legislature, one vote per state (supported by smaller states)
The Great Compromise
a bicameral legislature with House of Representatives (population) and Senate (equal representation)
delegated/enumerated powers
printing money, regulating interstate + international commerce, making treaties/foreign policy, declaring war, making post offices and lower courts, raising/supporting armed forces, “necessary and proper” actions
reserved powers
licenses, regulating interstate commerce, conducting elections, establishing local government, education, providing public health, safety, and welfare programs
concurrent powers
taxes, building roads, operating courts, establishing courts, eminent domain
categorical grant
provide money for specific reason/policy objective (may act as bribes to states to adopt a certain policy)
unfunded mandate
requieres states to pay for programs without providing funds
block grant
provides federal money for policy in a way that increases state authority
amendment process
1) proposed amendment must be approved by 2/3 of both houses and ¾ of state legislatures must ratify it
2) Congress can mandate each state hold a ratifying convention
3) 2/3 of states petition Congress to hold a constitutional convention
