Bioethics-prelims

Bioethics

Study of ethics in health care contexts.

Moral Philosophy

Philosophy examining rightness and wrongness of actions.

Morality

Principles determining right and wrong behavior.

Practical Science

Knowledge applied to human actions and experiences.

Normative Science

Application of ethical principles to nursing practice.

Philosophical Science

Study of morality in human conduct.

Health Ethics

Ethics focused on health and health care practices.

Van Rensselaer Potter

Coined 'bioethics' in 1960s for human survival.

Ethics

Branch of applied ethics in life sciences.

Etymology of Bioethics

Means 'ethics of life' in Greek and Latin.

Ethos

Greek term for characteristic way of acting.

Mos

Latin term for way of acting.

Critical Thinking Process

Develops capacity to address ethical issues.

Ethico-Moral Concepts

Principles guiding decision-making in nursing.

Vocation of Nursing

Nursing as a calling, not just a job.

Human Conduct

Actions of individuals in moral contexts.

Biomedical Ethics

Ethics related to biomedical practices and developments.

Social System Rules

Guidelines varying by environment affecting behavior.

Quality of Life

Improvement of living standards through ethical practices.

Nursing Care

Providing effective and safe care to patients.

Moral Standards

Guidelines influencing conduct and ethical behavior.

Commitment to Nursing

Dedication to ethical nursing practices and care.

Professional Ethics

Obligations owed by professionals to society and clients.

Existence of God

Presupposed idea linked to moral retribution.

Human Freedom

Presupposed idea linked to moral responsibility.

Afterlife

Postulate of ethics related to soul immortality.

Health Care Ethics

Moral principles guiding health care practices.

Bioethics

Ethics concerning health and broader life issues.

Moral Pluralism

Diverse moral beliefs in a community.

Patient Advocacy

Role of practitioners in supporting patient rights.

Shared Responsibility

Collaborative decision-making in patient care.

Informed Consent

Patient's right to understand and agree to treatment.

Decisional Freedom

Physician's autonomy limited by external factors.

Scientific Advances

Technological progress affecting health care decisions.

Emerging Diseases

New health threats impacting ethical considerations.

Assisted Reproductive Technologies

Methods enabling conception despite infertility.

Unethical Behavior

Actions violating moral principles in health care.

Relativism

Belief that moral truths are not absolute.

Workplace Ethics

Core values like trustworthiness and accountability.

Health Ethics

Regulates conduct within health care practices.

Globalization Impact

Cultural exchanges affecting health ethics discussions.

Patient Autonomy

Patient's right to make informed health decisions.

Technology Driven Care

Health practices influenced by available technologies.

Ethical Dilemmas

Complex situations requiring moral decision-making.

Common Concerns

Shared ethical issues across diverse communities.

Scientific Developments

Advancements that save or improve human lives.

Euthanasia

Deliberate ending of a person's life to relieve suffering.

Physician Assisted Suicide

Doctor provides means for a patient to end life.

Life Sustaining Measures

Interventions to prolong life in critical conditions.

Bioethics

Study of ethical implications in biological and medical contexts.

Distributive Justice

Principles governing fair allocation of resources.

Macro Allocation

Funding distribution among various health programs.

Micro Allocation

Aid distribution to individual patients in need.

Moral Relativism

Morality varies based on cultural and social contexts.

Deontological Ethics

Ethics based on duty and adherence to rules.

Amoral

Indifference to moral considerations or judgments.

Immoral

Actions that violate established moral standards.

Non-moral

Actions outside the realm of moral evaluation.

Inequalities

Disparities in socio-economic and educational opportunities.

Ethical Behavior

Actions guided by personal integrity and moral principles.

Social Sanctions

Community responses to enforce ethical compliance.

Confusion in Morality

Misunderstandings arising from diverse ethical perspectives.

Human Dignity

Intrinsic value and worth of every individual.

Technological Possibility

Capabilities of technology that raise ethical questions.

Quality of Human Acts

Assessment of actions as good or evil.

Rightness or Wrongness

Evaluation based on conformity to moral standards.

Personal Wellbeing

Holistic approach to achieving a healthy life.

Separation of Ethics

Distinction between secular and religious moral frameworks.

Deontological Ethics

Ethical theory emphasizing duty over consequences.

Immanuel Kant

18th-century philosopher defining deontological principles.

Duty Theory

Mandates viewing self as an end, not means.

Moral Obligation

Actions considered morally good based on intrinsic nature.

Ethical Principles

Guidelines derived through reason and consistency.

Respect for Autonomy

Valuing individuals' rights to make their own choices.

Health Care Ethics

Moral principles guiding healthcare practices and decisions.

Stephen Letter Case

Nurse administering lethal injections out of compassion.

Teleology

Ethical theory focusing on outcomes and consequences.

Telos

Greek term meaning end, goal, or purpose.

Logos

Greek term meaning science, reason, or explanation.

Teleological Ethics

Morality derived from achieving good or desirable ends.

Consequential Ethics

Ethics based on the outcomes of actions.

Criticism of Kant

Disregarding consequences can lead to disastrous results.

Robin Hood Example

Stealing justified by good outcomes, like feeding family.

Duty Ethics

Recognizes actions done from pure duty as moral.

Moral Worth

Value of actions determined by sense of duty.

Basic Rights of Patients

Patients have rights to care, privacy, and information.

1 Corinthians 12:12-27

Biblical reference emphasizing unity and duty in community.

Duty to Defend Rights

Obligation to protect patients' fundamental rights.

Ethical Decision Questions

Inquiries guiding moral choices and duties.

Consistency in Reasoning

Ethical reasoning must be coherent and logical.

Obligation to Well-Being

Health and well-being are obligations, not just rights.

Duty Theory

Moral obligations define rightness of actions.

Deontological Theory

Focuses on duties and rules in ethics.

Teleological Theory

Judges actions by their outcomes or consequences.

Consequentialist Theory

Rightness determined by outcomes of actions.

Principle of Respect

Honors patient autonomy and rights.

Patients Autonomy

Patients' right to make informed decisions.

Utilitarianism

Actions are right if they promote happiness.

Medical Experiment

Research involving human subjects and ethical considerations.

Intrinsic Nature

Inherent qualities define rightness or wrongness.