nationalism quest 9L3 Rice

Nationalism

Pride or love for one’s nation

Nation state

National identity, shares borders with one single govt

Congress of Vienna

Meeting post napoleon

What to do with former French controlled territories

Otto Von Bismarck

Diplomat (officially represent countryin dealings with other countries), chancellor of German confederation (head of govt) - Prussia and Germany

Otto Von Bismarck goals

Unite the German states into one nation under Prussian control.

Otto Von Bismarck policies

Used Realpolitik, diplomacy, and manipulation to gain power.

Otto Von Bismarck war success

Successfully fought wars against Denmark, Austria, and France to unite Germany.

Danish War (1864)

Austro-Prussian War (1866)

Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871)

DAF

Emancipation

The act of freeing people from political, social, or legal restrictions (ex: freeing serfs).

Autocrat

A ruler with absolute power, who makes decisions without input from the people.

Realpolitik

Politics based on practical goals and power, not ideals or morals.

Acting on your words to get what you want

Anarchist

A person who believes all government should be abolished.

Power keg

A region full of tension and conflict, likely to explode into war (ex: the Balkans).

• The Balkans were part of the weakening Ottoman Empire

• Many ethnic groups wanted independence

• Nationalism caused constant unrest

• Called the “powder keg of Europe” because one spark could cause war

👉 This directly leads to World War I

Emigration

Leaving one’s country to live somewhere else.

Nationalist movements in Italy

Efforts by Italians to unify Italy and remove foreign rulers.

• Italy was split into many states, some ruled by foreign powers (Austria)

• Nationalists wanted one unified Italian nation

• Key leaders:

• Mazzini → ideas & inspiration (republic)

• Cavour → diplomacy & alliances (north)

• Garibaldi → military action (south)

• Result: Italy unified in 1870

Tsar Alexander II

Russian ruler who freed the serfs but kept strong autocratic control.

• Positive: Freed the serfs (emancipation)

• Negative: Still an autocrat, limited political freedom

• Result: Reforms didn’t go far enough → unrest continued

Industrialize

To develop factories, machines, and industry instead of farming.

Serfs’ Demands

Wanted land, freedom, and better living conditions.

Bloody Sunday (Nicholas II)

1905 event where soldiers killed peaceful protesters, increasing anger toward the tsar.

• 1905, peaceful protestors marched to the Winter Palace

• Soldiers opened fire

• Destroyed trust in the tsar

• Increased support for revolution and reform

Cavour

Political leader who used diplomacy to unite northern Italy.

Mazzini

Revolutionary who inspired nationalism and wanted a democratic Italy.

Garibaldi

Military leader who united southern Italy through force.

Ethnic groups

People who share culture, language, and traditions.

Habsburg Dynasty – Dissolution

Multi-ethnic empire weakened by nationalist movements.

Ruled a multi-ethnic empire (Austrians, Hungarians, Slavs, etc.)

• Nationalist groups wanted self-rule

• Government could not satisfy everyone

• Result: empire weakened and eventually collapsed

Ottoman Empire – Dissolution

Empire fell apart as ethnic groups sought independence.

• Known as the “Sick Man of Europe”

• Lost land as ethnic groups demanded independence

• Nationalism + weak leadership = decline

• European powers took advantage of its weakness

Crimean War

War that showed Russian weakness and pushed Russia to reform.