________:: failure to recognize parts of ones own body- damage in the right posterior parietal cortex or premotor cortex.
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Cognitive Evaluation
________:: thoughts on the pain, address it as decisions.
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sports
Pain can be suppressed- ________ injuries, religious rituals, life- threatening situations.
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Sense of touch neurons
________ are longest in the body- going from longest toe upward thru the spinal cord into the medulla at the brain stem and then to the thalamus.
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Dermatomes
________:: a strip of skin innervated by a particular spinal nerve.
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situational motivations
Motivational- Affective:: ________ and emotions.
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Substance P
________:: further stimulates cells to promote action at the skin level.
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Haptic sensation
________:: perception of fine touch and pressure.
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Astereognosia
________:: inability to recognize objects by touch- focal cortical lesion at area SII, which integrates inputs from finger joints w /tactile info.
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Nociception
________:: perception of pain and temp; free nerve endings.
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Neurons
________ are activated- collaterals that come off and release Substance P.
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Sensory transduction
________:: when a receptor cells converts the energy of a stimulus into action potentials.
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Phantom limb pain
________:: some patients can be treated w /mirror image boxes and are more receptive to prosthesis b /c brain is still maintaining cortical space for the missing limb.
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high sensitivity
Glabrous:: non- hairy skin; ________ (palms of hands, lips, tongues, soles of feet)
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Pain fibers
________ release glutamate which goes up the spinal cord and signals the brain.
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Substance P
Endorphins:: if enough endorphins are produced, ________ turns down= less pain.
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Sensory transduction
when a receptor cells converts the energy of a stimulus into action potentials
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Multiple specialized areas at multiple levels
interconnected by multiple parallel pathways
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Think on a comparative level
how is there variation across species
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Black fly, panther chameleon, American bald eagle
examples of ocular differences
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Glabrous
non-hairy skin; high sensitivity (palms of hands, lips, tongues, soles of feet)
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Glabrous skin
3mm
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Hairy skin
2+cm
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Nociception
perception of pain and temp; free nerve endings
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Haptic sensation
perception of fine touch and pressure
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Sense of touch neurons are longest in the body
going from longest toe upward thru the spinal cord into the medulla at the brain stem and then to the thalamus
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Toe → medulla; medulla → thalamus (crisscrosses
if on right side, will move to left); thalamus → somatosensory cortex
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Area of the medulla = decassation
criss-crosses
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Dermatomes
a strip of skin innervated by a particular spinal nerve
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Sensory-Discriminative
good pain vs. bad pain; where is the pain
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Motivational-Affective
situational motivations and emotions
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Cognitive-Evaluation
thoughts on the pain, address it as decisions
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Adaptiveness of pain
pain is bad, but important for survival
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Lack of clear cortical representation
remove SI and SII and we still perceive pain
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Pain can be suppressed
sports injuries, religious rituals, life-threatening situations
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Pain Pathways
Anterolateral System
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A Delta fibers
large in diameter, myelinated axons, fast travel = sharp pain
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C fibers
thin, unmyelinated axons, slow travel = dull or throbbing pain
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Neurons are activated
collaterals that come off and release Substance P
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Substance P
further stimulates cells to promote action at the skin level
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Glutamate
mild pain
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Substance P
intense pain
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Endorphins
if enough endorphins are produced, Substance P turns down = less pain
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Phantom limb pain
some patients can be treated w/mirror image boxes and are more receptive to prosthesis b/c brain is still maintaining cortical space for the missing limb
Studied by 1 person
