CP - Carbon Compounds

macromolecule

a molecule containing a very large number of atoms, such as a protein, nucleic acid, or synthetic polymer

monomer

a simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers

polymer

large compound formed from combinations of many monomers

carbohydrate

compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; type of nutrient that is the major source of energy for the body; commonly referred to as sugars

lipid

macromolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes

nucleic acid

a complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain

protein

an organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells

glucose

the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues

starch

a storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose

cellulose

polysaccharide consisting of glucose monomers that reinforces plant-cell walls

Benedict's Solution

a chemical indicator that, when added to a solution and heated, changes from blue to yellow-orange to orange in the presence of increasing concentrations of sugar

Iodine Solution

used to test for starch and changes color from yellow-brown to purple-black if starch is present

glycogen

an extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals

fatty acid

hydrocarbon chain often bonded to glycerol in a lipid

Sudan IV Solution

a solution that tests for lipids; the solution will change from a pale red if negative to a solution with dark red blobs if positive

nucleotide

monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

adenosine triphosphate

compound used by cells to store and release energy; typically referred to as ATP

ribonucleic acid

a single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose; typically referred to as RNA

deoxyribonucleic acid

double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins; typically referred to as DNA

amino acid

compound with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other end; monomers of proteins

Biuret Solution

the indicator solution for protein; light blue in color if negative and changes to violet or purple if positive