genomics pollev

b

True or False: Genomes are static.
a. true
b. false

b

Which of the following has resulted from the evolution of genomes over time?
a. eukaryotic genes
b. gene families
c. genomic dna
d. gene microarray chips
e. none of the above

d

About how many of the gene transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) are ultimately translated into proteins?
a. 5-10%
b. 20-30%
c. 50-75%
d. 90-95%
e. none of the above

f

What makes up the final products of the transcribed DNA that are not converted to protein?
a. rna-protein complexes
b. ribosomal genes
c. tRNA
d. small nuclear RNAs
e. micro RNA
f. all of the above

b

Is "junk DNA" a good name for noncoding DNA?
a. yes
b. no

b

What is non-protein coding DNA that exists within genes?
a. intergenic dna
b. intragenic dna

a

Imagine that a gene known for drug metabolism is present at two loci. At one locus there are 4 copies of the gene and the regulatory elements associated with the gene. What is this an example of?
a. subgenomic duplication of a copy-number variant
b. Whole genome duplication of a pseudogene

c

Which gene family is involved in metabolism and deposition of drugs that demonstrate evidence of subgenomic duplication?
a. abc transporters
b. cyp p450 enzymes
c. both

a

Which of the following best define epigenetics?
a. inheritable and stable changes in gene expression that occur through alterations in the chromosome rather than the DNA sequence
b. inheritable and unstable mutations that result in a change in DNA sequence that result in a non-silent mutation and alternate form, sometimes non- functional, protein
c. non-inheritable and unstable change in gene expression that occurs via changes in protein modifications of the histone protein known as acetylation.

b

What portion of the promoter is generally the portion that is susceptible to DNA methylation?
a. gene body
b. CpG islands or promoter regions

a

Data suggests that the CpG island downstream of the gene body is methylated. Is this gene most likely silenced or expressed?
a. silenced
b. expressed

c

What percent of the promoter lies within CpG islands?
a. 25%
b. 50%
c. 70%
d. 10%

e

Which of the following are types of epigenetic modification?
a. dna methylation
b. histone modification
c. trans-regulatory elements associated with a mutation associated with a non-conservative amino acid substitution
d. cis-regulatory elements resulting from a DNA mutation at the DNA binding site
e. a and b
f. a, b, and d

a

True or False. Methylated cytosines within a promoter region recruit gene suppressor proteins and reduce interaction between the DNA and transcription factors.
a. true
b. false

a

Condensed DNA is also known as...
a. transcriptionally inactive heterochromatin
b. transcriptionally inactive heterochromatin

g

Which of the following may affect the epigenetic markers?
a. smoking
b. diseases
c. stress
d. age
e. certain foods
f. famine
g. all of the above

a

It has been observed that DNA regulating pro-proliferative genes like BAX2 are hypomethylated in cancer cells. Does this increase or decrease expression of BAX2?
a. increase
b. decrease
c. does not change

b

Would you expect tumor suppressor genes such as BRCA1 to be hypo- or hyper-methylated in cancer cells?
a. hypomethylated
b. hypermethylated

b

True or False. Genes are sometime epigenetically imprinted when only one parental chromosome is expressed.
a. true
b. false

a

Which of the following are responsible for addition of an acetyl group on the histone?
a. HATs
b. HDACs
c. CpGs
d. SNPs

e

Which are examples of polymorphisms?
a. indels
b. CNVs
c. splicing variants
d. SNPs
e. all of the above

d

What is included in the ORF?
a. exons but not introns
b. introns but not exons
c. regulatory sequence but not the gene body
d. transcription start site and gene body

c

What terms is used to describe a group of adjacent genes that are identical or related?
a. proteome
b. genome
c. gene cluster
d. restriction map

b

Which of the following describes the complete set of expressed genes?
a. epigenome
b. transcriptome
c. genome
d. proteome

a

Adjacent to the gene locus where gene 1 is present, is gene 2. Research shows that when gene 1 is present as a CNV, gene two is also usually present in multiple copies. What type of mapping would describe this relationship?
a. linkage mapping
b. restriction mapping
c. sequence mapping

a

The figure shows an example of a patient that is being tested for disease X. The patient is sample 1 and a person heterozygous for no disease x is sample 2. Does that patient have the disease?
a. yes
b. no

f

What will genome-based research allow?
a. better decision-making tools for pharmacists
b. rapid development of new drug therapies that can become available within 1 year
c. improved diagnostics
d. more effective therapeutic strategies
e. evidence-based approaches for demonstrating clinical efficacy
f. a, c, d, e

b

which of the following is demonstrated in the figure?
a. snp
b. indel
c. cnv

e

polymorphisms...
a. can be defined as the coexistence of multiple alleles at a locus
b. can be defined as a change identified only at the phenotypic level
c. can be defined as a rare mutation
d. must be present in the population at greater than 1% frequency
e. a and d

a

Which of the following is demonstrated in the figure?
a. snp
b. indel
c. cnv

b

Cytochrome P450 gene family encodes...
a. enzymes that metabolize energy fuels
b. a variety of drug- metabolizing enzymes
c. a variety of drug transporters
d. ABC transporters

b

Imagine there is a mutation at the DNA level that results in a non-functional transcription factor that is supposed to positively affect transcription of gene Z and gene Y, both of which are at a different locus. Is this a cis or trans- mutation?
a. cis
b. trans

a

Recall the trp operon, imagine a mutation at the DNA level in the leader sequence region 3. Is this a cis or trans mutation?
a. cis
b. trans