energetics/intro to metabolism pollev

e

which of the following contribute to internal energy? the energy of...
a. rotation
b. vibration
c. chemical bonds
d. non-covalent interactions
e. all of the above

a

a function of state...
a. can be defined based on temperature, pressure, and volume
b. defines heat and temperature
c. is path dependent
d. is a process function

a

the first law of thermodynamics states that...
a. energy cannot be created or destroyed
b. entropy trends toward a maximum

a

the complete aerobic combustion of glucose...
a. is favored entropically
b. is favored only enthalpically
c. is not favored entropically

b

the hydrolysis of molecule x releases a free inorganic phosphate that was linked as an enol phosphate. which of the following is false?
a. it is an exergonic reaction
b. it is an endergonic reaction
c. it can be coupled to an endergonic reaction such as atp synthesis
d. it can be energy coupled to drive substrate-level phosphorylation

b

one moa for metformin is that in the liver, it decreases the expression of two enzymes involved in gluconeogenesis: PEPCK and G6Pase. this is an example of which type of metabolic control?
a. allosteric control
b. genetic control
c. hormonal control

a

high atp levels slow metabolic flux down at a variety of points in the central metabolic pathway. this is an example of which type of metabolic control?
a. allosteric control
b. hormonal control
c. genetic control

b

in pathway A, a kinase reaction uses atp to transfer a phosphate to fructose. the kinase enzyme is irreversible. which of the following is likely false?
a. atp allosterically inhibits enzyme activity
b. atp allosterically activates enzyme activity
c. adp allosterically activates enzyme activity

b

in pathway B, excess energy is used to reduce oxidized metabolites to form glucose. which of the following is true?
a. pathway B is catabolic
b. pathway B is anabolic

a

glycolysis is considered a...
a. catabolic pathway
b. anabolic pathway

b

true or false: glycolysis requires oxygen in order to produce atp.
a. true
b. false

b

aerobic metabolism produces the majority of atp from...
a. substrate-level phosphorylation
b. oxidative phosphorylation
c. photophosphorylation

b

in the reaction A + NAD+ --\> B + NADH, A is \___ to B.
a. reduced
b. oxidized

a

nad+ and nadp+ are derivatives of which vitamin?
a. niacin
b. riboflavin
c. thiamine
d. panthenoic acid

b

fad is a derivative of which vitamin?
a. niacin
b. riboflavin
c. thiamine
d. panthenoic acid

a

fad is a \_____________ oxidant than nad+.
a. stronger
b. weaker

a

which of the following is the oxidized version of the coenzyme?
a. fad
b. fadh2
c. nadh
d. nadph

d

coenzyme a is a derivative of which vitamin?
a. niacin
b. riboflavin
c. thiamine
d. panthenoic acid

b

true or false: CoASH represents the acetylated form of the coenzyme.
a. true
b. false

b

true or false: lipids are metabolized and feed into the central metabolic pathway in glycolysis.
a. true
b. false

b

atp decreasing metabolic flux through glycolysis is an example of...
a. feed-forward activation
b. feedback inhibition
c. allosteric activation
d. product inhibition

a

the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation...
a. produce more atp than glycolysis and the citric acid cycle alone
b. produce more atp than glycolysis but less than the citric acid cycle
c. produce more atp than gluconeogenesis alone

d

the reaction A + NAD+ --\> B + NADH is an example of
a. a phosphorolysis reaction catalyzed by a phosphotase
b. a coupled redox reaction catalyzed by a reductase
c. a dehydration reaction catalyzed by an enolase
d. a coupled redox reaction catalyzed by a dehydrogenase

b

under anaerobic conditions, 1 mole of glucose can produce a net of...
a. 38 atp
b. 2 atp
c. 4 atp
d. 15 atp

a

of the 38 atp produced from 1 mole of glucose, how many atp are produced via substrate level phosphorylation?
a. 4 atp
b. 2 atp
c. 1 atp
d. 0 atp

a

consider the reaction PEP + Pi --\> Pyruvate + ATP, what type of phosphorylation is occurring?
a. substrate level phosphorylation
b. oxidative phosphorylation

b

consider the reaction PEP + ADP + Pi --\> pyruvate + atp. is this a reversible reaction?
a. yes
b. no

c

consider the reaction PEP + ADP + Pi --\> pyruvate + atp. what type of enzymes catalyze this reaction?
a. isomerase
b. mutase
c. kinase
d. dehydrogenase
e. reductase

a

consider the reaction PEP + ADP + Pi --\> pyruvate + atp. is this likely catalyzed by a regulatory enzyme?
a. yes
b. no

b

consider the reaction PEP + ADP + pi --\> pyruvate + atp. does atp likely activate or inhibit this reaction?
a. activate
b. inhibit
c. neither

a

consider the reaction PEP + ADP + pi --\> pyruvate + atp. is this likely a catabolic or anabolic reaction?
a. catabolic
b. anabolic

a

consider the reaction PEP + ADP + pi --\> pyruvate + atp. if this reaction was regulated hormonally, would it be activated by insulin or glucagon?
a. insulin
b. glucagon

a

restriction enzymes are isolated from bacteria. which of the following explain why bacteria produce restriction enzymes?
a. bacteria produce them, so they can differentiate between their DNA and foreign DNA
b. bacteria produce them, so they can cut and donate their DNA to other cells

b

what enzyme catalyzes transcription?
a. dna polymerase
b. rna polymerase
c. ribosome

d

what location does a transcription factor bind?
a. silencer or enhancer
b. tata box
c. tss
d. a and b

b

following post-transcriptional processing, what is the product?
a. a protein
b. mrna
c. trna
d. dna

b

what method allows determination of gene expression level?
a. rnai
b. dna microarray
c. gel electrophoresis