Respiratory Procedures | Unit 1 Exam Review

Medical Gases: production, storage and control

what are the different measurements of atmospheric pressure

760 mmHg

29.92 inHg

14.69 psi

33.9 ftH2O( at 1 atmosphere)

What is the equation for atmospheric pressure in inHg

760 / 25.4 mm per inch

what is the chemical symbol for oxygen

O2

what is the chemical symbol for Helium

He

what is the chemical symbol for Nitric oxide

NO

what is the chemical symbol for Nitrous oxide

N2O

what is the chemical symbol for Carbon dioxide

CO2

Define the characteristics of Air

Colorless, odorless, naturally occurring gas mixture

Define the characteristics of Carbon Dioxide

Colorless and odorless gas

Define the characteristics of Helium

Odorless, tasteless, nonflammable, and chemically and physiologically inert

Define the characteristics of Nitric Oxide

Colorless, nonflammable, toxic gas that supports combustion

Define the characteristics of Nitrous Oxide

Colorless gas with slightly sweet odor and taste

what is the most common method of oxygen production

fractional distillation

fractional distillation

purified air is liquified by compression and cooled by rapid expansion

how often is hydrostatic testing conducted

every 5-10 years

where are the results of pressure testing located

stamped on the tank

why is hydrostatic testing performed

to measure the cylinder leakage, expansion, wall stress

what is the hydrostatic pressure used for testing

5/3 of their service pressure

What is the agency responsible for the purity of medical gases

FDA

What does the FDA stand for

Food and drug administration

define the agency responsible for the contraction of cylinders secondary to transport

DOT

what does DOT stand for

Department of transportation

provide the calculation for determining the partial pressure of nitrogen

760 torr x 0.7809 = 593.5 torr

provide the calculation for determining the partial pressure of oxygen

760 torr x 0.2095= 159.2 torr

provide the calculation for determining the partial pressure of carbon dioxide

760 torr x 0.0004= 0.3 torr

provide the calculation for determining the partial pressure of other trace gases

760 torr x 0.0092= 7 torr

Define the most accurate way to determine the contents of a gas cylinder

Look at the stamp/label of the cylinder

boiling point

the temperature at which a liquid boils and turns into vapor

critical temperature

the highest temperature at which a substance can exist as a liquid, regardless of pressure

critical pressure

the force/pressure required to liquify (drop below its boiling point) a gas at its critical temperature

sublimation

the transition of a substance directly from solid state to gas state, without passing through liquid phase

Define the standard safety system used for an E cylinder

Secure cylinders at patients' bedside

do not use flammable material on regulators, cylinders, fittings, or valves

Crack or open the cylinder valve slightly to remove dust before attaching the regulator

Post no smoking signs when O2 is being used.

what is the function of a regulator

to control both pressure and flow

flow restrictor

consists of fixed orifice calibrated to deliver specific flow at constant pressure. Operation is based on principle of flow resistance

advantages of the flow restrictor

low cost, simple, reliable (no moving parts), can be used in any position (gravity-independent)

disadvantages of a flow restrictor

Different versions are required for different flows. Accuracy varies with changes in source and downstream pressure. It cannot be used with high-resistance equipment.

bourdon gauge

always used in combination with an adjustable pressure-reducing valve. Uses fixed orifice but operates under variable pressures.

advantages of bourdon gauge

not affected by gravity - ideal for patient transportation

disadvantages of the bourdon gauge

not accurate when pressure distal to orifice changes (if tubing is linked, indicated flow will read higher then delivered flow)

Thorpe tube

A variable orifice constant pressure flow meter. Always attached to 50-psig source.

advantages of a Thorpe tube

used to measure true flow

disadvantage of the thorpe tube

not ideal for patient transport - gravity dependent.

compensated pressure

prevents changes in downstream resistance, or back pressure, from affecting meter accuracy. Calibrated at 50 psig instead of atmospheric pressure. Gravity dependent. Flow control needle valve placed after flow tube

uncompensated pressure

calibrated in liters per minute at atmospheric pressure(without restriction). Gas from 50psig source flows into meter at rate controlled by needle valve located before the flow tube

tank color for air

yellow

tank color for oxygen

green

tank color for helium

brown

tank color for heliox

green with brown shoulder

tank color for carbon dioxide

gray

tank color for nitric oxide

teal

tank color for nitrous oxide

blue

tank color for ethylene

red

tank color for cyclopropane

orange

cylinder duration equation

Psi x cylinder factor / flow

liquid cylinder duration equation

lb x 860 / 2.5 lb/L

E cylinder factor

O2- 0.28

He/O2- 0.23

G cylinder factor

O2- 2.41

He/O2- 1.93

H cylinder factor

O2- 3.14

He/O2- 2.50

zone valve

located throughout the system to shut off gas flow to specific area in the hospital.

what does the RCP needs to ensure before altering the setting of a zone valve

that they close the system for maintenance or in case of fire

P.I.S.S system

ensures correct gas source For small cylinders and their attachments. These cylinders have a yoke type connection.

what does the P.I.S.S system stand for

pin-index safety system

what is the amount of pins utilized for an oxygen cylinder

Pin position for oxygen: 2-5

Pin position for air: 1-5

Daltons law

The total pressure of a gas mixture must equal the sum of the partial pressures of all components

P1 + P2 = P total

Describe the safe ways of storing cylinders

Store in racks or chain to wall

do not store near combustible material

store away from sources of heat

store flammable gases separately from gasses that support combustion

keep cylinder cap in place if not in use

store O2 containers in cool/well-ventilated areas