Anatomy: Body Regions, Planes, and Cavities

Rough ER

protein synthesis and modification

nasal

nose

oral

mouth

frontal

forehead

mammary

breast

umbilical

navel

pubic

genital region

carpal

wrist

sacral

between hips

cervical

neck

Buccal

cheek

Orbital

eye

Brachial

arm

Pedal

Foot

coxal

hip

femoral

thigh

otic

ear

axillary

armpit

thoracic

chest

sternal

breastbone

abdominal

abdomen

patellar

anterior knee

digital

fingers

pelvic

pelvis

cephalic

head

Scapular

shouldar blade

calcaneal

heel

popiteal

back of the knee

vertebral

spinal column

gluteal

buttock

Acromial

point of the shoulder

occipital

base of the skull

dorsal

back

plantar

sole

Anterior

the front

posterior

toward the back of the body

lateral

away from midline of body

medial

toward the midline of body

superier

toward the head

inferier

away from the head

proximal

closer to trunk

distal

farther from trunk

superficial

closer to body surface

deep

farther from body surface

saggital

a vertical plane that divides body into left and right

midsagittal

vertical plane that divides body into left and right directly in middle

transverse

Divides body into upper and lower parts

coronal

vertical plane that divides into front and back

frontal plane

vertical plane that divides into anterior and posterior

abdominal cavity

stomach, liver, small and large intestines

thoracic cavity

lungs, heart, thyroid gland

cranial cavity

brain

pelvic cavity

urinary bladder, ureters, and reproductive organs

dorsal cavity

cranial and ventral cavities brain and spinal cord

ventral cavity

spinal cord

parietal

lines cavity walls

visceral

directly covering organs

left upper quadrant

LUQ

right upper quadrant

RUQ

right lower quadrant

RLQ

left lower quadrant

LLQ

right hypochondriac region

right very top

epigastric region

very top middle

left hypochondiac region

left very top

right lumbar region

middle right

ubilicial region

middle of stomach

left lumbar region

left middle

right iliac region

right bottom

hypogastric region

bottom middle

digstive sytem

mouth, stomach, intestines

respitory system

lungs, trachea

cardiovascular system

heart and blood vessels

nucleus

controls cell contains DNA and genetic material

mitochondria

powerhouse produces ATP energy

ribosomes

makes proteins by assembling amino acids

Endoplasmic Reticulum rough ER

helps make and transport proteins

smooth ER

makes lipids

Golgi apparatus

A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell

cytoplasm

jelly like fluid where organelles are suspended

cell membrane

controls what enters and leaves cells

centrioles

help with division in animal cells

vacuoles

store nutrients, waste products , or water

Cell cycle

G1, S, G2, mitosis (pmat), cytokinesis

pmat

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telephase

G1

cellular contents, excluding the chromosomes are duplicated

S phase

The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated.

G2

Final preparation phase. Cell checks for DNA errors and begins to form centrosomes. (Prepares for Mitosis)

Mitosis

cell division (pmat)

red blood cells

oxygen transport, lack of nucleus and nerve cells

nerve cells

communication, long thin extentions

muscle cells

movement ,contains protein

scientific method

observation, formulate hypothesis, testable prediction, conduct experiment, make conclusions and revise, publish data

hypotonic

Having a lower concentration of solute than another solution, causing water to move into cell

hypertonic

Having a higher concentration of solute than another solution. causing water to leave cell

Negative control

Control group where conditions produce a negative outcome. Negative control groups help identify outside influences which may be present that were not accounted for when the procedure was created.

positive control

Group expected to have a positive result, allowing the researcher to show that the experimental set up was capable of producing results.

objectives of microscope

4x, 10x, 40x

total magnification of scanning lens

4x * 10x = 40x

how would images appear under the microscope

it interferes the image making it appear upside down

Objective

4x 10x 40x magnifies the image