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Economic Impacts
Gross national product (GNP), which measured all goods and services produced, skyrocketed to $300 billion by 1950, compared to just $200 billion in 1940; by 1960, it had topped $500 billion, firmly establishing the united states as the richest and most powerful nation in the world
Social Impacts
Because of World War II, we saw the roots of the civil rights movement, the women's rights movement, widespread college education, and health insurance benefits
Political Impacts
Following the close of ww2, a wave of anti-communist sentiment swept the united states, called the red scare and sometimes McCarthyism, after senator joseph McCarthy; this tidal wave of anti-communism peaked between 1947 to 1953
TV
9% at the beginning of the â50s, and 90% of all households had TVs by the end of the â50s. 500 Tv shows by the â60s. Most popular shows, News, Kidâs shows, comedies, variety shows, talk shows, and Westerns. Glorified the role of the housewife, and glorified violence. Sold Tv dinners and magazines that advertised different channels at store checkouts.
Rock & Roll
A way for teens to express themselves, Chuck Berry, Little Richard, and Elvis were big artists of the â50s. Most rock artists were African Americans, while the majority of the consumers were White. Was considered rebellious by the older generation.
Beat Culture
The Beats were a group of young people that came of age in the 1950's and rejected the traditional society of 1950. They spoke out against racism, war, and consumerism while they embraced drug use and homosexuality.
Family Dynamics
During the 1950s and 1960s, family dynamics in the United States were largely characterized by traditional gender roles and a focus on the nuclear family. Men were typically the breadwinners, while women were expected to stay at home and take care of the children and household. Divorce rates were relatively low, and extended families often lived close to one another and provided support. However, this era also saw the beginning of social and cultural changes that would eventually lead to more diverse family structures and roles.
The Company Man
A term used to describe a person who is completely dedicated to their job and puts their work above everything else in their life. This person is often seen as a workaholic and may sacrifice personal relationships and hobbies for their career.
The Homemakers
A group of activists in the 1960s and 70s fought for recognition of unpaid household work as a valuable contribution to society. They aimed to challenge the gender roles of the time and advocated for better working conditions, wages, and benefits for homemakers.
Teenagers
Allowed students to stay in school and have an allowance. Became the new consumer base for consumer industry. A most famous example of a teenager was James Dean.
Suburbia
A residential area on the outskirts of a city, characterized by single-family homes, manicured lawns, and a relatively low population density.
White Flight/Urban Renewal
Millions of white Americans left the cities for the suburbs
Isolated from other races/classes. Took economic resources, Cities could not keep up with the costs of public transportation, police, fire, and schools. Minorities had to live in dirty crowded slums. 1949: National Housing Act to provide a decent home and suitable living environment for every American family. Many families displaced
Advertisements
Ads were focused on traditional gender roles, idealized families, and consumerism. Jingles and catchy slogans were popular.
Planned Obsolences
Companies design products to break quickly or become obsolete to encourage sales
Franchises
Franchising increased after 1950 and offered Americans the opportunity to own a small business
Automobiles/National Highway Act
The National Highway Act was passed in 1956, during the presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower. It provided funding for the construction of a nationwide system of highways and interstate roads in the United States. Ralphs Naderâs testimony about unsafe automobiles helped persuade congress to establish safety standards for automobiles and tires
Labor Unrest
4.5 million steelworkers, coal miners, and railroad workers went on strike. Rising prices and lower wage, Truman threatened to draft strikers
Taft-Hartley act
A federal law passed in 1947 that restricted the power of labor unions and gave more rights to employers. It banned closed shop agreements and allowed states to pass right-to-work laws.
Civil Rights
Created the Presidentâs Commission on Civil Rights. Asked for a federal antilynching law, ban on the poll tax, and permanent civil rights commission. July 1948: Issued executive order for the integration of the armed forces
1948 Election
Truman blamed for inflation and labor unrest. Southern Democrats formed the Dixiecrats after the civil rights platform (States Rights Democratic Party). Far-left Democrats formed the Progressive Party. In a stunning upset Truman Won and Democrats took control of Congress
Fair Deal
Extension of FDRâs New Deal, Raised the minimum wage to 75 cents, Extended SS coverage to 10 million people, Initiated flood control and irrigation projects, Financial support for cities to build low-income housing units.
Eisenhowerâs Political Policy
Followed a middle of the road course wanted government to be conservative with money.
I like Ike! & Use of Television
Trumanâs approval rating plummeted after Korea and McCarthyism, Did not run in 1952. Eisenhower won 55% of the popular vote & Republicans took control of Congress. Had to deal with criticism of running mate Richard Nixon. Eisenhower followed a middle of the road course. Ads heavily influenced campaign.
Red Scare Impact
One of the main impacts of the Red Scare was the suppression of civil liberties. Many people were accused of being communists or sympathizers, and were subjected to intense scrutiny and persecution.
Lavender Scare
Eisenhower issued Executive Order 10450. Expanded Trumanâs loyalty program to people with âsexual perversionâ. McCarthy claimed gay men posed a threat to national security. Thought to be vulnerable to blackmail with weak moral character. Linked with the Red Scare by implying a psychological imbalance. Prevented gay men from serving in the military, backfired during the Vietnam draft, In effect until âDonât ask, donât tellâ in 1995, repealed in 2017
1960 Election
The 1960âs election was a very close fight. Nixon and Kennedy fought tooth and nail for every vote. Kennedy only one by .2%
Domestic Policy
Kennedy's domestic policies align with liberal policies of FDR and Truman. More of his revolutionary ideas could not go through as many did not want to expand.
Cuban Missile Crisis
13 days from start to finish \n - 6 days can also be an answer
Berlin Crisis
June 1961: Khrushchev threatened to have all access roads to West Berlin closed. August 13, 1961: Khrushchev had East German troops form the Berlin Wall along West Berlin. Since separation, 3 million East Germans fled to West Berlin. Further aggravated tensions
Easing Tensions with the Soviet Union
After two conflicts, Kennedy began looking for ways to tone down his hardline stance. 1963: Kennedy announced the hotline between the White House and Kremlin should another crisis arise
New Frontier
Boost the economy: Wanted lower taxes, less unemployment (unemployment was too high for Kennedyâs liking around 6%). Increased minimum wage to $1.25 an hour and extended unemployment insurance. Increased government taxes didn't matter if the government was spending more than they were taking. Increased Social Security benefits.
Build national defenses: Gave the military a 20% budget increase for new Nuclear missiles, Nuclear submarines, and the expansion of the armed forces.
Provide international aid: The Peace Corps was a volunteer-based program that helped developing nations in Asia, Africa, and Central America. By 1968, over 35,000 volunteers had served 60 nations worldwide. The Alliance for Progress program invested $12 billion dollars in Latin American nations Between 1961 and 1969. To prevent Latin American nations from adopting Castro's communist ideals.
Fund space programs: New industries would be developed in California, Texas, Florida, New York, etc. Paved the way for new industries and technological advancements. During Kennedyâs administration Space research and development spending would increase by over 3 billion dollars.
Domestic issues: Unemployment was up to 6%, Trying to adjust to poverty, Civil rights movement trying to invest racial injustices in the South
Assassination
On Friday, November 22, 1963, John F. Kennedy, the 35th president of the United States, was assassinated.
1960âs LBJ Domestic Policy
Johnson's Great Society program encompassed movements of urban renewal, modern transportation, clean environment, anti-poverty, healthcare reform, crime control, and educational reform.
1964 Election
Jonsonâs opponent Barry Goldwater believed that the government had no right or right socio economic wrongs, Americans were in favor of LBJâs idea. LBJ capitalized on Goldwaterâs threat to use nuclear weapons in Vietnam and Cuba. Johnson won the election with 61% of the popular vote and Democrats increased their majority in Congress
The Great Society
Jonson fueled an activist era in all three branches of government. 1973: The war on poverty helped decrease poverty from 21% to 11%. The massive tax cut spurred the economy, though funding initiatives contributed to the debt. Conservatives backlash helped a new group of Republicans rise to power (Reagan in California)
Impacts
The war on poverty helped decrease poverty from 21%-11%. LBJ made a massive tax cut that spurred the economy, but still continued to fund indicatives that contributed to the national debt. Backlash from conservatives created a new group of Republicans to rise to power
Location of the Invasion of Cuba
Bay of Pigs
King of Rock and Roll
Elvis Presley
First American to walk on the moon
Neil Armstrong
Low cost health insurance for the elderly
Healthcare
Ruler in Cuba
Fidel Castro
Republican Congress passed this to overturn rights won by unions
Taft-Hartley Act
Kennedy was assassinated in this city
Dallas Texas
This phrase was added to the Pledge of Allegiance to battle Communism
âUnder Godâ
Artists, poets, and writers who rejected 50s culture
Beats
The idea of men conforming to the idea of going to work, doing his job as asked, white collar jobs
The Company Man
Developing a product with reduced life
Planned Obsolesces
LBJs opponent who favored use of nuclear weapons
Barry M. Goldwater
Organization set up by Kennedy to help developing nations
The Peace Corps & The Alliance for Progress program
Families moved to these areas located outside of the cities, men could easily commute to work
The Suburbs
Cold War tensions increased after conflict in this European city
Berlin
The movement of white Americans to the suburbs
The White Flight
JFKs wife who captured national attention for her fashion
Jacqueline Kennedy
Six day panic over nuclear war
The Cuban Missile Crisis
Government response to run down cities
National Housing Act
Shot the man who was charged with assassinating JFK
Jack Ruby
Southern Democrats separated to form their own party
Dixiecrats
Campaign slogan by Eisenhower
âI like Ike!â
Mass Produced homes
Housing Crisis
Trumanâs extension of the New Deal
The Fair Deal
Generation of children born during the 50s, largest generation the country had seen
Baby Boomers
First American in space
Alan Shepard
Chief Justice who looked to reform the legal system
Earl Warren
Became president after JFKs assassination
Lyndon B. Johnson
Eisenhower's VP and JFK's opponent
Richard Nixon
Provided financial aid to Latin America to deter Castro
The Alliance for Progress program
LBJs vision for America
Tax reduction of $10 billion spurring economic growth. Lowered the budget deficit from 6 to 4 billion. July 1964: Civil rights Act of 1964 prohibiting discrimination. August 1964: Economic Opportunity Act (EOA). Approved $1 billion for youth programs, anti poverty measures, small business loans, and job training programs
JFKs attorney general, investigated racial injustice
His brother Robert Kennedy
Popular TV genre during the 50s. Ex: I Love Lucy, Honeymooners
Sitcoms and Comedies
Kennedy's vision for a new America
Focus on domestic issues such as, the Economy, National Defense, International Aid, Funding Space programs
Newly defined stage of life in between childhood and adulthood. Began rebelling
Teenagers
Women were asked to leave the workforce and stay home conforming to this social ideal
Homemakers
Panic over gay men in the government
Lavender Scare
Charged with assassinating JFK
Lee Harvey Oswald
First human in space
Yuri Gagarin
Hosted a popular variety show during the 50s
Ed Sullivan
JFKs Religion
Catholic
Provided veterans home loans and education
GI Bill
Expanded the rights of people accused of crimes
Warren court
He threatened use of nuclear weapons in Vietnam and Cuba
Barry Goldwater
Part of LBJ's agenda to prohibit discrimination
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Name of LBJ's vision for America
The Great Society
Eisenhower popularized the use of this medium
television
Eisenhower looked to modernize this during the 1950s
Highways
Eisenhower passed an executive order that began targeting this group
Gay men
What did JFK say when he arrived in Berlin
Ich bin ein Berliner \n " I am a citizen of berlin"
Failed Invasion of Cuba
Bay of Pigs
Truman saying implying he would not pass the responsibility off to someone else
The Buck Stops Here
Which political party won control of congress in the 1946 midterm election
Republicans
He was rebel without a cause
James Dean
He authored many books on how to raise children during the baby boom
Dr. Spock
This became a housing development filled with mass produced homes
Levittown
JFK was an expert ______ prompting many Americans to take classes
Speed reader