Chapter 30-33 Test

The revolutions of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century helped to spread enlightenment ideals and

encouraged the consolidation of national states

Jean-Jacques Rousseau in The Social Contract, argued that in every country the sovereign voice of government

was the members of society acting collectively

After the end of the Seven Years War,

the colonists grew increasingly frustrated with British control and taxes.

The Declaration of Independence contractual view of political structure in which the government drew it's authority from the "consent of the governed" was influenced by

John Locke

The leaders of the French Revolution

called for a complete reorganizing of French political, social, and cultural structures

Napoleon's Civil Code

affirmed the political and legal equality of all adult men

Which of the following is incorrect concerning early Liberalism and its leading exponent, John Stuart Mill?

felt that republican form of government were to weak to guarantee freedom for all its citizens

The turning point in Napoleon's career was his disastrous 1812 invasion of

Russia

The only successful slave revolt in history took place in

Saint Domingue

The creoles of Latin America were influenced by the ideals of the Enlightenment…

but only wanted to displace the peninsulares and still retain their privileged positions

The goal of Simón Bolívar was to

weld the former Spanish colonies of South America into a confederation like the United States

William Wilberforce

pushed a bill through Parliament that ended the slave trade

Theodore Herzl was the founder of

Zionism

The German leader Otto von Bismarck believed that the great issues of his day would be determined by

blood and iron

What social class led the independence movement in South America?

creoles

Which of the following is incorrect concerning the ideology of conservatism, and it's founder, Edmund Burke.

denounced the American Revolution

(True or False) According to the textbook, the end of the slave trade doomed the institution of slavery.

true

(True or False) French Revolutionary leaders sough to eliminate the influence of Christianity by closing churches.

true

(True or False) Latin American independence movements led to a less stratified society in South America.

false

(True or False) Feelings of nationalism will lead to the break up the German Empires and Italian Empires

false

External migration was a result of the Industrial Revolution. Where did many Europeans move?

temperate regions like North America

Which of the following business models/technologies did not emerge during the Industrial Revolution?

guild system

List one of the two major revolutions that were a direct consequence of the Industrial Revolution.

French or American Revolution

What country dominated the world in the 1800s as a result of the 7 Years' War and the Industrial Revolution?

Britain

The textile industry was the first to be industrialized. Who worked in textile factories at first? *Paid them less.

women and children

List one of the new social classes that emerged during the Industrial Revolution.

proletariat (and bourgeoisie)

Some workers lost their jobs by being replaced by machines during the Industrial Revolution. What group of people decided to destroy machines in response to this dilemma?

Luddites

What labor system was gradually abolished by the need for wage workers during the Industrial Revolution?

slaves

What man felt that the Proletariat needed to rebel and create a classless, stateless society?

Karl Marx

What man believed in Utopian Socialism? *He built a model factory town in New Lanark.

Robert Owen (and Charles Fourier)

Which of the following was not a reason why the Industrial Revolution began in Britain?

government encouraged trade by selling property and promoting collective factories (they had good food supply for laborers, had plentiful supply of iron and coal, and easy access to Atlantic trade)

Which of the following labor systems replaced the "putting out" system?

factory system

(True or False) Capitalist factory owners were referred to as the Bourgeoisie.

true

(True or False) Under mercantilist policies, the mother country expected colonies to industrialize.

false

(True or False) The Industrial Revolution had a negative impact on environment.

true

(True or False) During the Industrial Revolution, Europeans sought for lands/colonies that would provide raw materials/exclusive markets which would lead to imperialism.

true

(True or False) Population decreased during the Industrial Revolution because of poor working conditions.

false

(True or False) Families became smaller during the Industrial Revolution.

true

(True or False) Internal migration refers to peasants moving from rural to urban areas.

true

(True or False) Water power and wind power are both examples of fossil fuels.

false

New France (Canada) passed into British control after

the Seven Years' War

In new Latin American countries,

creole elites dominated and blocked mass participation in politics

Caudillos were

regional military leaders who provided order in Latin America

Benito Juárez was

The leader of La Reforma in Mexico in the 1850s

The early stages of industrial development in the United States depended in large part of investment capital from which of the following nations?

Britain

The National Policy, which was designed to attract migrants, protect nascent industries through tariffs and built national transportation systems was a policy in

Canada

Beef and wheat are the primary export from which Latin American country in the late nineteenth century?

Argentina

Rebellions that were influenced by religious ideas are part of the APC. Which of the following is the best example of this taking place in the Americas?

Sioux, believing that Whites would disappear as a result of performing the Ghost Dance, are massacred at Wounded Knee

Women demanding suffrage rights and challenging gender hierarchies is part of the APC. Which of the following illustrated this emergent feminism in the Americas?

Women demanding their freedom/rights at the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848

Long-distance migration in the 19th century is a major part of the APC. From where did many indentured servants arriving in Guyana, Trinidad, Tobago, and Jamaica come?

India

Temporary and seasonal migrants is also part of the APC. The golondrinas were temporary workers who moved to Brazil (and Argentina). Where did these seasonal migrants come from?

Italy

Migrants establishing enclaves (neighborhoods) is part of the APC as well as the regulation of their migration. What ethnic group is best known for creating small neighborhoods (enclaves) in American cities such as San Francisco? *Gold Rush

China

Creating new states on the edge of existing empires is part of the APC. What people did the U.S. force to move out and went to Oklahoma (edge of U.S. at the time) during the Trail of Tears?

Cherokee

(True or False) Since Chinese migrants were disciplined workers the United States did much to encourage their migration in the late 19th century.

false

(True or False) Foreign investors will encourage the massive industrialization of Latin America that took place in the 19th Century.

false

(True or False) Latin America will establish a social hierarchy based on ethnicity and color.

true

(True or False) Almost all the Western Hemisphere won their independence in the late 18th and 19th centuries.

true

(True or False) Following the revolutions of the 19th century, Latin America will experience relative calm and stability.

false

(True or False) Most European migrants to the Americas during the early 19th century came from Southeastern Europe.

false

(True or False) The Mexican Revolution involved land redistribution.

true

What was the most significant territorial loss for the Ottomans?

Egypt

The Ottoman Empire lost all the following regions except: **Mainly as a result of nationalism CED

Anatolia

Which of the following counties didn't face serious difficulties in regards to industrialization in the 19th century?

United States

What did the four "countries at crossroads" suddenly discover?

they were militarily much weaker than the Western industrial powers

Which of the following did not cause internal weaknesses in the "4 societies at crossroads" in the early 19th century?

industrial pollution and deforestation

Which of the following counties made thorough reforms and became an emerging industrial power?

Japan

What general was able to seize power from the Ottomans in Egypt after Napoleon withdrew?

Muhammad Ali

What was Mahmud's highest priority?

creation of a more effective army

From where did the Tanzimat Reform (Reorganization from 1839-1876) draw its inspiration?

Enlightenment thought

Which of the following was not one of the key measures of the Tanzimat Reform?

promotion of Islamic law (Sharia)

What did educated subjects come to believe was the biggest problem of the Ottoman Empire ?

a political structure that vested unchecked power in the sultan

What was the keystone of the tsar's reforms in Russia?

emancipation of the serfs

Who sponsored industrialization in Russia?

the government

What 2 institutions supported the tsar and paid no taxes?

Russian Orthodox Church and the nobles

What war demonstrated the weakness of Russia's agrarian society?

Crimean War

Who felt "it was better to abolish serfdom from above than to wait for the serfs to liberate themselves from below "?

Alexander II

What was the most important railroad in Witte's centerpiece of his industrial policy?

Trans-Siberian Railway

What two regions did Russia and Japan clash over?

Korea and Manchuria

Which of the following did most Russian dissidents despise about Western Europe?

Western Europe's materialism and unbridled capitalism

How did Tsar Nicholas II respond to the assassination of Tsar Alexander II?

He adopted a policy of repression and police control

(True or False) European and US forces used their power to force concessions out of militarily weak societies.

true

(True or False) All 4 societies at a crossroad realized that their military weakness left them vulnerable to foreigners.

true

(True or False) Capitulations were Ottoman agreements that granted extraterritoriality to foreign merchants.

true

(True or False) The Ottoman Empire was able to ward off European economic penetration during the 19th century.

false

(True or False) Ottomans considered capitulations as humiliating intrusions on their sovereignty.

true

(True or False) Religious conservatives felt that the Tanzimat Reform was a threat to the empire's Islamic foundation.

true

(True or False) Entrepreneurs were the driving force of Sergei Witt's development of factories and railroads.

false

(True or False) Serfdom was considered a guarantee of social stability in Russia.

true

(True or False) The tsars of Russia yielded their autocratic power in order to industrialize Russia.

false

(True or False) Most Russians believed that serfdom had become an obstacle to economic development.

true

What would European merchants use to purchase Chinese silk, porcelain, lacquerware, and tea (SPLT)?

Silver Bullion

The British insisted on their right to trade opium with China because…

It was the only trade good that they could sell in China at a profit

Which of the following was not a provision of the Treaty of Nanjing in 1842?

China becomes a colony and a part of the British Empire

Which of the following did the most to curtail China's sovereignty?

Unequal treaties

Which of the following is __**incorrect**__ concerning the Taiping Rebellion?

Its goal was to support the Qing emperors in their struggle against foreigners

Which of the following was __**not**__ a major reform of the **Taiping Reform Program**?

Promotion of patriarchy and foot binding

Which of the following programs attempted to keep and blend their traditions with European industrial technology?

Self-strengthening movement in Qing China

Which of the following is __**correct**__ about the Boxer Rebellion?

They killed Chinese Christinas as well as foreigners

By what year was Puyi, the boy emperor of China, forced to abdicate?

1912

The success of the Meiji restoration depended on destroying the power of...

the daimyo and the samurai classes