Language Study

Two models of Pragmatics

Message and inferential model

Suprasegmentals

Speech features such as tone, rhythm, or loudness, anything that isnt a standard sound

Which pragmatic model works well for individuals with autism?

Inferential model

Message Model

Views communication as a process of encoding and decoding messages (code model)

Inferential Model

Listener gain additional meaning from a speakers utterance based on context, backgrounds knowledge, and shared social norms

Which pragmatic model uses a series of strategies?

Inferential model

Discourse

Language use consisting of a sequence of sentences connected by a system of related topics and is produced by a single speaker

Examples of Discourse

Letters, sermons, stories, lectures, etc.

Conversation

Language use consisting of a sequence of sentences connected by a system of related topics and is produced by at least 2 speakers

The influences on language acquisition are what two forces?

Internal (nature) and external (nurture)

Internal (nature)

Systems (motor, cognitive, linguistic, social), attention and memory

External (nurture)

Environment, personal interaction

At about what age do children begin to focus on the sounds of their home language?

Between 6-12 months

When does the ear finish developing in utero?

About 6 weeks

Is the development of the ears during the embryonic phase of the fetal phase?

Yes

Pre-linguistic and early linguistic stages

Crying, cooing, babbling, jargoning, echolalia, true words

Early developing sounds

Cooing, crying

Late developing sounds in IPA

Jargoning, true words

What are the common errors in phonological development for young children

Fronting, gliding, stopping

At roughly 2 years of age, children should have how many words and be what % intelligible?

100-500 words, 50%

What are free morphemes?

A word that can stand alone

Level l of word formation during later development for development of complex words

Irregular plural inflection (geese, men), early class affixes emerges

Level ll of word formation during later development for development of complex words

Compounding occurs, don’t shift syllables stress (darwinism)

Level lll of word formation during later deveoplemtn for development of complex words

Regular inflectional affixes developed (/-ed/, /-s/)

What are speech acts

Verbal actions that accomplish something beyond just convey info

Example of speech acts

Requests,, offeres, promises

When is the critical period of language development

Birth- 3 years of age