(34) Healthy Diet Digestive System Part 2

What part of the digestive system begins the process of digestion?

The mouth begins the process of digestion.

What is the action of chewing food known as?

Mechanical digestion.

What enzyme in the mouth works on carbohydrates?

Amylase.

What are the five basic taste sensations?

Sweet, sour, bitter, salty, and umami.

How does temperature affect the perception of flavor?

Warmer temperatures help release aromatic parts that can be detected by smell.

What is the name given to the chewed mass of food after swallowing?

Bolus.

What is the fluid mass of food in the stomach called?

Chyme.

What is the function of the lower esophageal sphincter?

To prevent stomach acid from refluxing into the esophagus.

What is the role of the pyloric sphincter?

Controls the passage of chyme from the stomach to the small intestine.

What nutrients are digested in the stomach?

Primarily proteins.

How long is the small intestine approximately?

About 20 feet long.

What are the three main parts of the small intestine?

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum.

What is primarily absorbed in the small intestine?

Nutrients.

What role does bile play in digestion?

Helps with the absorption of fats.

What is segmentation in terms of digestive muscle action?

Contractions of inner circular muscles of the small intestine that mix digestive juices.

What is peristalsis?

Wave-like muscle contractions that move chyme through the digestive tract.

What vitamins are absorbed in the large intestine?

Vitamin B12 and vitamin K.

What primarily causes constipation in the digestive system?

Lack of water and fiber in the diet.

What are enterocytes?

The absorptive cells that line the small intestine.

What processes are involved in nutrient absorption in the small intestine?

Simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport.

What is simple diffusion?

Absorption method where small particles pass directly through cell membranes.

What is active transport in nutrient absorption?

Absorption method that requires energy to move nutrients across cell membranes.

What hormone signals the body to stop eating?

Leptin.

What hormone stimulates hunger?

Ghrelin.

What is gastrin?

A hormone that stimulates gastric acid secretion in the stomach.

What does secretin do when food enters the small intestine?

Stimulates the release of bicarbonate and water to neutralize stomach acid.

What does CCK stimulate?

The gallbladder to release bile.

What common digestive issue is prevalent in the U.S.?

Constipation.

What is GERD?

Gastroesophageal reflux disease, where stomach acid refluxes into the esophagus.

What can happen if acid reflux is left unchecked?

It can damage the tissues of the esophagus.

What can excessive use of proton pump inhibitors result in?

Lowered stomach acidity, impacting nutrient absorption.

What causes gas and bloating in the digestive tract?

Poor digestion, food sensitivities, and gut microbiome issues.

What is IBS?

Irritable bowel syndrome.

What food intolerance requires a strict elimination of gluten?

Celiac disease.

What concept refers to the permeability of the intestinal lining?

Leaky gut.

What are the two types of gluten reactions?

Food sensitivity and celiac disease.

Which part of the digestive system allows for water absorption?

The large intestine.

What are the main causes of gas in the digestive system?

Improper food digestion and insufficient enzymes.

What is the function of goblet cells in the small intestine?

Secretion of mucus.

What is the main danger of continuously neutralizing stomach acid?

It may prevent proper digestion and absorption of certain nutrients.

What is the primary function of the small intestine?

To absorb nutrients from digested food.

What could happen if the tight junctions in the intestinal lining are compromised?

It could increase food sensitivities and immune disorders.

What does the tight junction prevent?

Unwanted substances from passing between intestinal cells.

What is the effect of fiber on digestive health?

It helps regulate bowel movements and prevents constipation.

What role does the pancreas play in digestion?

Releases digestive enzymes and bicarbonate to aid digestion.

What is mechanical digestion?

The physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces.

What process occurs in the stomach to further digest food?

Peristalsis mixes food with gastric juices.

How does a heavy meal affect acid reflux?

It can push against the lower esophageal sphincter, causing reflux.