WS 16 BJU 5th ed. Events, People, Governments, and Agreements PART 1

June 28, 1914

Date of the assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand, which triggered World War I.

November 11, 1918

Date of the armistice that ended fighting in World War I.

Paris Peace Conference

The 1919 meeting of Allied leaders to establish post-WWI peace terms, leading to the Treaty of Versailles.

Washington Naval Conference

Meeting held in Washington, D.C. (1921–1922) where major naval powers agreed to limit warships; Japan was dissatisfied with its lower allocation.

Great Depression

A global economic crisis that began with the 1929 stock market crash and lasted through the 1930s.

Wilhelm II

The last German Kaiser (Emperor), ruling from 1888 to 1918; his policies helped provoke rival alliances and he abdicated after WWI.

Francis Ferdinand

Archduke of Austria-Hungary whose assassination sparked WWI.

Vladimir Lenin

Leader of the Bolsheviks and first head of the Soviet Union.

Joseph Stalin

Soviet dictator who ruled from the late 1920s to 1953, using centralized economic plans and repression.

Benito Mussolini

Italian Fascist leader who ruled Italy from 1922 to 1943.

Adolf Hitler

German Nazi dictator from 1933 to 1945 who led Germany into WWII.

Sun Yat-sen

Founder of the Republic of China and early leader of the Kuomintang.

Chiang Kai-shek

Leader of the Chinese Nationalists who fought communists and later ruled Taiwan.

Mao Zedong

Communist leader who established the People’s Republic of China in 1949.

Pierre and Marie Curie

Scientists who pioneered research on radioactivity.

Albert Einstein

Physicist who developed the theory of relativity.

Soviet Union

Communist state established in 1922 under Bolshevik leadership.

Triple Alliance

Pre-WWI alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.

Triple Entente

Pre-WWI alliance between France, Russia, and Britain.

Central Powers

WWI alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria.

Allies

WWI alliance of France, Britain, Russia, Italy, and later the United States.

Treaty of Versailles

The 1919 peace treaty that ended WWI and imposed penalties on Germany.

Locarno Pact

1925 agreement to maintain peace and recognize European borders.

Kellogg-Briand Pact

1928 agreement in which nations renounced war as a tool of policy.

New Deal

U.S. recovery programs under Franklin D. Roosevelt to address the Great Depression.

Bolsheviks

Radical communist group led by Lenin that seized power in Russia in 1917.

Mensheviks

Moderate socialist group that favored gradual, peaceful change.

Fascist Party

Italian political movement led by Mussolini promoting authoritarian nationalism.

Nazi Party

German political party led by Hitler promoting fascism and nationalism.

Third Reich

Hitler’s regime in Germany from 1933 to 1945.

Kuomintang (KMT)

Chinese Nationalist Party that opposed communism.

Chinese Communist Party (CCP)

Communist party that took control of China in 1949.

Weimar Republic

German government formed after WWI; unstable due to weak support and political division.

League of Nations

International organization formed after WWI to promote peace but lacked enforcement power.

Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act

1930 U.S. law that raised tariffs, reduced trade, and worsened the Great Depression.