(Philosophical) Pessimism

A family of philosophical views that assigns a negative value to life or existence

noble morality

A system of evaluation that is spontaneously created from a person experiencing themselves as being good, ‘good’ in the sense of ‘high rank’. As a result, ‘good’ means the noble, the mighty, the high-placed, the high-minded, action, etc. Moreover, ‘bad’ was determined in contrast to ‘good’ in this sense. As a result, ‘bad’ means lowly, low-minded, common, plebian, weak, etc.

slave morality

A system of evaluation that is created by the weak in reaction to the non-self (e.g. the mighty,) namely through its hatred and resentment of the non-self. As a result, ‘evil’ means the noble, the mighty, the high-place, the high-minded, action, etc. Moreover, ‘good’ is created afterward as a counterpart for ‘evil’; here, ‘the good’ means the weak, the lowly, the plebian, inaction, etc.

existentialism

A philosophical theory or approach that emphasizes the existence of the individual person as a free and responsible agent determining their own development through acts of the will

socratic sin

the belief that we only do what is morally wrong from ignorance

christian sin

an action performed by a defiant will from someone who cannot but help to sin because they cannot know what is sinful

existentialism’s motto

existence precedes essence

absolute poverty

The lack of sufficient income in cash, or in kind, to meet the most basic biological needs for food, clothing and shelter

absolute affluence

A position in which someone has more income than they need to provide themselves adequately with all the basic necessities of life

singers principle

If it is in our power to prevent something very bad from happening, without thereby sacrificing anything of comparable moral significance, we ought to do it

only indirect duties to animals view

The view that whatever duties we have regarding animals is only because of the duties we have to humans

kindness cruelty view

The view that we have a direct duty to be kind to animals and a direct duty not to be cruel to them

inherent value view

the view that an entity is valuable in its own right from possessing some set of properties