Russian History Stats/Quotes
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160 Terms
What requirements were received at the end of 1918?
½ of food requirements and 1/3 of fuel requirements
How much did industrial output drop by?
50%
How many conscripted by the end of 1918?
15 million
How much did the area of cultivation fall by?
20%
How did the number of working class in Moscow and Petrograd grow?
22 million → 28 million
How many strikes happened by 1917?
1370
How much did inflation increase by?
400%
How many delegates formed the Progressive Bloc?
236/442
How many ministers were turned over in 1915-16?
4 PMs, 3 FMs, 6 IMs. and 3 WMs
How many agencies made up the zemstvo movement?
8000 by 1916
How many soldiers were mobilised in 1916?
6 million
How many soldiers had a rifle?
1 in 3
How many were killed in action?
4 million
How many prisoners did the Russians take in the Brusilov Offense?
200,000
When did Germany come to the assistance of the Austro-Hungarian Empire?
After 3 months
How many Russian casualties were in the Brusilov Offense?
500,000
How many were locked out of Putilov Steelworks?
20,000 workers (18th Feb 1917)
How many were protesting in the streets on 22 Feb?
200,000
How many troops did General Khalaov command?
180,000
Where were trains stopped during the Feb Rev?
Stopped 160km SE of Petrograd, and sent 200km away from the capital
Vladmir Mayakovsky quote
‘Like the chewed stump of a cigarette, we spat out their dynasty’
Who formed the new gov?
12 members of the Duma
How many delegates did the Petrograd Soviet have?
Over 3000
How many members did the Bolsheviks have in Feb 1917?
25,000
How many casualties in the June Offensive?
60,000
When was the Bolshevik takeover?
25th October
What was the outcome of the Nov 1917 election?
Bolsheviks = 23.9%, SRs = 54.1%
When was the Degree of Sovnarkom?
October 1917
When was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?
Feb 1917
What were the terms of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?
lost 32% of agri land, 1/3 of European Russia, 75% of coal and iron, 33% of factories, 26% of railways, 60 mil+ people, 3 bil roubles in reparatons
When was the first Soviet Constitution?
July 1918
Denkin quote
‘I could do nothing with my army. I am glad when it comes at my orders’
What was the growth in the Red Army from 1919-1920?
3 mil → 5 mil
How many former tsarist officers trained the new army units?
50,000
How many were shot by the Cheka in the civil war?
20,000
What was the Decree of Nationalism?
The state took over factories of over 10 workers
When was private property abolished?
1917
How many died of starvation due to failure of agriculture and failure?
5 million
What did the value of the rouble drop to in 1920?
1% of its worth in 1917
How much did industrial production drop by?
50%
How much did inflation increase by?
400%
When was State Capitalism introduced?
1917-1918
What was state capitalism a policy of?
‘coercion and dictatorship’
What were the two key degrees of State Capitalism?
5 Oct 1917- Decree on Land, 3 Nov 1917- Decree on Workers Control
How many peasants were killed in the Tambov Revolution?
190,000
How many died in the Krondstadt Mutiny?
14,000
What was the slogan of the NEP?
‘two steps forward, one step back’
How many workers continued to work on state controlled industry?
90%
When did the Proletkult thrive?
1918-1922
When was the Gosizdat founded?
May 1919
When did Moscow have the most powerful radio in the world?
1922
When was theatre nationalised?
August 1919
When did the May Day parades begin?
1920
How many people reenacted the revolution in 1920?
80,000
How many joined the Proletkult in the mid 1920s?
180,000
What was Lenin’s outlook on youth and education?
‘an instrument to the Communist transformation of society’
Between 1914-1920, the % of children attending school fell…?
90% to under 25%
What was Lenin’s focus for literacy?
‘the liquidisation of literacy’
By the mid 1920s, how many could read?
½ the population over primary school age, and 2/3 of all men
In 1920, how many members of the Komosol were there?
400,000
By 1925, how many Komosol members were there?
1.7 million
When was family law liberated?
December 1917
When was abortion legalised?
1920
When was the Zhenotdel established?
1919
When/What confiscated church land?
The Decree on Land in October 1917
How many clerical murders were there?
8000
How many bishops and priests were killed?
28 bishops and 1000 priests
When were Mensheviks and SRs outlawed?
1921
How did Lynch describe Lenin’s takeover?
‘a telescopial revolution’
When did Lenin die?
Jan 1924
By when was Trotsky’s reputation damaged?
1927
When was Trotsky expelled from the USSR?
1929
What did Bukharin say about Stalin?
‘Stalin will strangle us’
What did Figes say about Stalin’s appt as general secretary?
‘the worst mistake in the Revolution’s history’
How did Sukhanov describe Stalin?
A ‘grey blur’
How did Martin McCauley describe him?
‘He was a very skilful politician… an unnerving eye for personal weakness’
By 1922, how many officials were appointed on Stalin’s personal recommendation?
More than 10,000
What did E.H. Carr say about the party under Stalin?
‘the elite party of Lenin was becoming the mass party of Stalin’
How did Stalin refer to his enemies?
‘We have internal enemies. We have external enemies. We cannot forget this for a moment’
How did Stalin refer to the Terror?
‘One death is a tragedy. One million deaths is a statistic.’
How many were excluded from the party 1933-34?
Nearly 1 million
When was the 17th Party Congress?
Jan 1934
How many were arrested and executed over 1934?
1 million+
What was the drop in Central Committee members?
1934 = 193 members, 1939 = 41 members
What did Stalin do in Georgia?
2/3 of the head of gov, and 4/5 of the prov gov were executed
What was the drop in Party Congress members from 1934-1939?
1934 = 1960 members, 1939 = 798 delegates
How many names appeared on the Politburo execution list in 1939?
400,000 names
When was Trotsky murdered?
1940
How many were sent to the Gulags in 1930s?
16 million
When was the Trial of the Generals?
May-June 1937
How many members of the supreme military council were executed?
75/80
How many officers were purged?
3/5 marshalls, 14/16 army commanders, and 37,000 other officers were purged
When was Yagoda shot?
1936
How many executions did Yezhov witness?
30,000 of his own men
When did Yezhov resign and die?
Yezhov was forced to resign in 1938, and executed in 1940
How many executions were recorded by the NKVP in 1937-38?
681,692
Why/When were arrests scaled back?
Arrests were scaled back in Nov 1938 because the 1937 census showed a lower population
What did Wood say about the Terror?
‘By 1940, the Revolution had finally devoured almost all of its parents and a good majority of its children’
What did Schaprio say about Stalin’s Terror?
It was ‘Stalin’s victory over the party’
What did Fitzpatrick say about Stalin’s terror?
‘Only the chief terrorist, Stalin, remained unscathed’
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Flashcards (58)