AP World History Unit 3 Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards on key terms from AP World History Unit 3 lecture notes.

New Monarchies

Monarchies gain power due to the end of the Medieval Period, which includes characteristics like increased literacy, economic development, and centralization.

Centralized Power

New monarchies in England (the Tudors), France (the Valois), and Spain (Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand) controlled taxes, the army, and aspects of religion.

Intendants

System of Royal French officials who collected taxes for the monarchy.

95 Theses

Martin Luther's proposed reforms to the church due to corruption, such as indulgences.

Calvinism

Broke with the church and believed that simplicity, hard work ethic, and obedience were favored by God, leading to groups like Huguenots and Puritans.

Counter Reformation

Response of the Roman Catholic Church to the Protestant Reformation, including the Inquisition, Jesuits, and the Council of Trent.

Cossacks

Russian Cowboys; used by Ivan the Terrible to expand Russia.

Boyars

Nobles in Russia that Ivan IV moved to Moscow to intimidate them and prevent plotting.

Holy Synod

Peter the Great's way of incorporating the Church into the Russian government by abolishing the position of patriarch.

Ming Dynasty

Dynasty that overthrew the Mongol Yuan Dynasty in China and restored the Great Wall.

Qing Dynasty

Dynasty under which Emperors Kangxi and Qianlong expanded China's territory.

Daimyo

Landowning aristocrats in Japan whose conflict led to instability before unification.

Shoguns

Japanese military leaders who ruled under the emperor.

Tokugawa Shogunate

The dynasty established by Tokugawa Ieyasu that turned daimyo into landlords rather than independent leaders.

Gunpowder Empires

Expansion by Tamerlane into Central Asia and the Middle East using gunpowder, the ghazi ideal, and brutal conquest led to the emergence of the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires.

Janissaries

Elite forces in the Ottoman Empire that were recruited through the devshirme system.

Zamindars

Paid government officials in the Mughal Empire who represented duties like taxation, construction, and water supply maintenance.

Devshirme

System in which Christian boys were recruited, 8-20, and taught to be scribes, diplomats, bodyguards, and militia for the Sultan.

Ottoman Empire

Sunni-Muslim empire based in Turkey, lasting from 1300-1918

Safavid Empire

Shi'a-Muslim empire based in Persia founded in 1501.

Religious Systems

System led to many conflicts on the battlefield; the Peace of Augsburg allowed German states to choose whether its leader would be Catholic or Lutheran; Edict of Nantes allowed Huguenots to practice their faith.