Parasitology ID quiz

in an animal, fever, lethargy

West Africa

Trypanosoma brucei brucei

bloodstream trypomastigote

Nagana

Tse-tse fly

in human or ruminant

fast onset, winterbottom’s sign, personality changes

East Africa

Trypanosoma brucei rhodesience

bloodstream trypomastigote

Acute African Sleeping Sickness

Tse-tse fly

in human

slow onset, winterbottom’s sign, sleep disturbances

West/Central Africa

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

bloodstream trypomastigote

Chronic African Sleeping Sickness

Tse-tse fly

in human or animal

fatigue

Trypanosoma spp.

amastigote in tissue

in fly

Trypanosoma spp.

epimastigote (1) and metacyclic trypomastigote (2) in tse-tse fly

in humans and pets

Romana’s sign, cardiac failure, nervous dysfunction

Central/South America

Trypanosoma cruzi

bloodstream trypomastigote

Chagas Disease

kissing bug

in fly

Mediterranean sea, east to Russia and China

Leishmania donovani

promastigote in sand fly

Visceral Leishmaniasis

in fly

Mediterranean sea, West and South Asia, Central and NE Africa

Leishmania tropica

promasitgote in sand fly

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

in human

red papule at bite, warty nodular eruptions

Mediterranean Sea and east to Russia + China, or West and South to Asia, Central Africa, NE Africa

Leishmania spp.

amastigote in tissue

Visceral or Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

sand fly

in human

red papule at bite, warty nodular eruptions

Mediterranean Sea and east to Russia + China, or West and South to Asia, Central Africa, NE Africa

Leishmania spp.

amastigote in tissue

Visceral or Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

sand fly

in fresh human or animal stool

diarrhea, abdomen pain

worldwide

Giardia lamblia

trophozoite in fresh stool

Giardiosis

Fecal/oral transmission

in human or animal stool

diarrhea, abdominal pain

worldwide

Giardia lamblia

cyst in stool smear

Giardiosis

Fecal/oral transmission

in human vaginal smear

vaginal irritation

worldwide

Trichomonas vaginalis

trophozoite (only form) in vaginal smear

Trichomonasis

direct sexual contact

in human stool

diarrhea, fatigue, straining pain

worldwide

Entamoeba histolytica

trophozoite in feces

Amebiasis or Amebic Dysentery

fecal/oral transmission

in human stool

diarrhea, fatigue, straining pain

worldwide

Entamoeba histolytica

cyst in feces

Amebiasis or Amebic Dysentery

fecal/oral transmission

in human stool

no symptoms

worldwide

Entamoeba coli

trophozoite in feces

(commensal)

fecal/oral transmission

in human stool

no symptoms

worldwide

Entamoeba coli

cyst in feces

(commensal)

fecal/oral transmission

in humans and primates/birds

fever, regular synchronous paroxysms, coma, convulsions

SE Asia, South America, Africa

Plasmodium falciparum

trophozoites/schizonts and gametocyte (bananna)

Malaria

Mosquito (definitive host)

in human and primate/bird

fever, regular synchronous paroxysms, coma, convulsions

SE Asia, South America, Africa

Plasmodium falciparum

trophozoite/schizont

Malaria

Mosquito (definitive host)

in human

fever, regular synchronous paroxysms

SE Asia, South America, North Africa

Plasmodium vivax

trophozoite/schizont

Malaria

Mosquito (definitive host)

in human

fever, regular synchronous paroxysms

SE Asia, South America, North Africa

Plasmodium vivax

gametocyte (female macrogametocyte on left, male microgametocyte on right)

Malaria

Mosquito (definitive host)

in human and animal stool

abdomen cramps, diarrhea, anorexia

worldwide, common in tropics, outbreaks in North America

history of eating stawrberriy

Cyclospora cayetanensis

oocyst in feces

Cyclosporiasis

fecal/oral transmission

in human and animal stool

abdomen pain, diarrhea, anorexia

worldwide, common in tropics, outbreaks in North America

history of eating stawrberriy

Cyclospora cayetanensis

oocyst in feces

Cyclosporiasis

fecal/oral transmission

in human and animal stool

abdominal pain, diarrhea, dehydration

worldwide

Cryptosporidium parvum

oocyst in feces

Cryptosporidosis

fecal/oral transmission

in human and animal stool

abdominal pain, diarrhea, dehydration

worldwide

Cryptosporidium parvum

oocyst in feces

Cryptosporidosis

fecal/oral transmission

in abdominal fluid from cats

cerebral calcification, muscle aches in humans

worldwide

Toxoplasma gondii

tachyzoite in brain or abdominal fluid

Toxoplasmosis

fecal/oral transmission

in humans or cats

fever, muscle aches

worldwide

Toxoplasma gondii

brachyzoite cyst

Toxoplasmosis

fecal/oral transmission

in human urine

hematuria, cercarial dermatitis, eosinophilia

history of long term water exposure

Africa, Middle East

Schistosoma haematobium

egg

Urogenital Schistosomiasis 

fecal/oral/cutaneous transmission

in human tissue section

cercarial dermatitis, eosinophilia

history of long term water exposure

Africa, Middle East, South America, Caribbean, East Asia, Asia Pacific

Schistosoma spp

adult male and female in copula

Schistosomiasis

fecal/oral/cutaneous transmission

in human blood vessels

cercarial dermatitis, eosinophilia

history of long term water exposure

Africa, Middle East, South America, Caribbean, East Asia, Asia Pacific

Schistosoma spp

adult male and female in copula

Schistosomiasis

fecal/oral/cutaneous transmission

in human stool

cercarial dermatitis, eosinophilia

history of long term water exposure

Africa, South America, Caribbean

Schistosoma mansoni

egg

schistosomiasis (intestinal and hepatic)

fecal/oral/cutaneous transmission 

in human stool

cercarial dermatitis, eosinophilia

history of long term water exposure

East Asia, Pacific Asia

Schistosoma japonicum 

egg

schistosomiasis (intestinal and hepatic)

fecal/oral/cutaneous transmission

in human or ruminant stool

liver fibrosis, blacks disease for cows/sheep

history of eating raw aquatic plants

worldwide

Fasciola hepatica

egg

Fascioliasis

aquatic plant ingestion

in human or ruminant

liver fibrosis, blacks disease for cows/sheep

history of eating raw aquatic plants

worldwide

Fasciola hepatica

adult liver fluke

Fascioliasis

aquatic plant ingestion

in human or dog/cat/carnivore stool

fibrosis, gall bladder inflammation, pancreatitis

history of eating raw freshwater fish

East Asia, East Russia, Indian Subcontinent, Pacific Asia

Clonorchis sinensis

egg

Clonorchiasis

eating raw freshwater fish

in human or dog/cat/carnivore

fibrosis, gall bladder inflammation, pancreatitis

history of eating raw freshwater fish

East Asia, East Russia, Indian Subcontinent, Pacific Asia

Clonorchis sinensis

adult liver fluke

Clonorchiasis

eating raw freshwater fish

in human, dog, pig, feline, carnivore stool

lung fibrosis, seizures, secondary pneumonia

history of eating raw/pickled crustaceans

East Asia, Africa, East Russia, Indian Subcontinent, Pacific Asia, Americas

Paragonimus westermani

egg

Paragonomiasis

eating raw/pickled crustaceans

in human, dog, pig, feline, carnivore

lung fibrosis, seizures, secondary pneumonia

history of eating raw/pickled crustaceans

East Asia, Africa, East Russia, Indian Subcontinent, Pacific Asia, Americas

Paragonimus westermani

adult lung fluke

Paragonomiasis

eating raw/pickled crustaceans

in human stool

epigastric pain, diarrhea, intestinal obstruction, proglottid passage, nutritional defieciencies

history of eating undercooked pork/beef

worldwide (endemic in C/S America, E Europe, S Asia, India, Africa)

Taenia spp

egg

Taeneasis

eating raw/undercooked pork or beef (T. solium or T. saginata)

in human

epigastric pain, diarrhea, intestinal obstruction, proglottid passage

history of eating undercooked pork

worldwide (endemic in C/S America, E Europe, S Asia, India, Africa)

Taenia solium

adult scolex with 4 acetabula and a rostellum

Taeneasis

eating raw/undercooked pork

in human

epigastric pain, diarrhea, intestinal obstruction, proglottid passage

history of eating undercooked pork/beef

worldwide (endemic in C/S America, E Europe, S Asia, India, Africa)

Taenia spp

adult worm with 1 lateral genital pore

Taeneasis

eating raw/undercooked pork or beef (T. solium or T. saginata)

in human

epigastric pain, diarrhea, intestinal obstruction, proglottid passage (in cow: heart faliure, beef measles)

history of eating undercooked beef

worldwide (endemic in C/S America, Africa)

Taenia saginata

adult scolex with 4 acetabula

Taeneasis

eating raw/undercooked beef

in human stool, fish, copepod

anemia, intestinal obstruction, bile duct inflammation, or asymptomatic

history of eating raw fish

worldwide (endemic in Scandanavia, Baltic area, Russia, America)

Diphyllobothrium latum

egg

Diphyllobothriasis

food born

in human

anemia, intestinal obstruction, bile duct inflammation, or asymptomatic

history of eating raw fish

worldwide (endemic in Scandanavia, Baltic area, Russia, America)

Diphyllobothrium latum

adult with central genital pore

Diphyllobothriasis

food born

in human

anemia, intestinal obstruction, bile duct inflammation, or asymptomatic

history of eating raw fish

worldwide (endemic in Scandanavia, Baltic area, Russia, America)

Diphyllobothrium latum

adult scolex with 2 bothria

Diphyllobothriasis

food born

in canine

ruminant, or human tissue, symptoms depend on ____ location/size (can include bone necrosis, organ problems, anaphylactic shock)

South CA, UT, Africa, Eruope, Eurasia, C/S America

Echinococcus granulosis

hydatid cyst

Echinococcosis (or unilocular hydatid)

food born

in canines

ruminants, humans, symptoms depend on ____ location/size (can include bone necrosis, organ problems, anaphylactic shock)

South CA, UT, Africa, Eruope, Eurasia, C/S America

Echinococcus granulosis

adult tapeworm (with 1 lateral genital pore)

Echinococcosis (or unilocular hydatid)

food born

in human

cat, dog stool, intestinal discomfort, proglottids crawl from anus

Worldwide (human infections in Europe, China, Pacific Asia, America

Dipylidium caninum

egg packet

Dipylidiasis 

flea vector carrying cysticercoid

in human

cat, dog stool, intestinal discomfort, proglottids crawl from anus

Worldwide (human infections in Europe, China, Pacific Asia, America

Dipylidium caninum

adult with 2 lateral genital pores

Dipylidiasis 

flea vector carrying cysticercoid

zoonotic, in dogs, small animals, human feces

dermatitis, anemia, respiratory damage

tropic/subtropics, warm regions

Ancylostoma caninum

infectious L3 larva

Ancylostomiasis 

fecal/oral transmission

zoonotic, in dogs, small animals, human feces

dermatitis, anemia, respiratory damage

tropic/subtropics, warm regions

Ancylostoma caninum

egg (with morula)

Ancylostomiasis 

fecal/oral transmission

in human feces

Dermatitis, coughing, lung hemorrhage, capillary hemorrhage, rarely kills

worldwide

Ancylostoma duodenale

infectious L3 larva

Ancylostomiasis 

fecal/oral transmission

in human feces

Dermatitis, coughing, lung hemorrhage, capillary hemorrhage, rarely kills

worldwide

Ancylostoma duodenale

egg

Ancylostomiasis 

fecal/oral transmission

in human feces

Dermatitis, coughing, lung/capillary hemorrhage, anemia, diarrhea

worldwide, tropic/subtropic regions, Africa, America, Asia

Necator americanus

infectious L3 larva

Necatoriasis

percutaneous (most common)

in human feces

Dermatitis, coughing, lung/capillary hemorrhage, anemia, diarrhea

worldwide, tropic/subtropic regions, Africa, America, Asia

Necator americanus

egg (with morula)

Necatoriasis

percutaneous (most common)

in dogs, cats, mammals, primates, human stool

dermatitis, pneumonia, eosinophilia, sepsis, death

worldwide, tropic/subtropics, south US

Strongyloides stercoralis

infectious L3 larva

Strongyloidiasis

percutaneous (most cases)

in dogs, cats, mammals, primates, human stool

dermatitis, pneumonia, eosinophilia, sepsis, death

worldwide, tropic/subtropics, south US

Strongyloides stercoralis

egg

Strongyloidiasis

percutaneous (most cases)

in humans and pigs

coughing, abdominal pian, intestinal obstruction, death

worldwide

Ascaris lumbricoides 

egg

Ascariasis

fecal/oral transmission

in humans and pigs

coughing, abdominal pian, intestinal obstruction, death

worldwide

Ascaris lumbricoides 

adult

Ascariasis

fecal/oral transmission

in human blood

lymphedemia

tropic/subtropics of Asia, Africa, Western Pacific, Caribbean, South America

Wucheria bancrofti

microfilariae

Lymphatic filariasis aka Elephantitis

mosquito vector

in human blood

calabar swelling, eye worm

West, Central Africa

Loa loa

microfilariae

Loiasis

deer fly vector

in wide range of hosts, human feces

Eosinophila, muscle pain, ocular pain, pneumonia, petechial hemorrhage in conjunctiva and under nail beds

worldwide

history of eating undercooked/raw meat

Trichinella spiralis

larva

Trichinellosis

ingestion of encysted larva in undercooked/raw meat

in wide range of hosts, human tissue

Eosinophila, muscle pain, ocular pain, pneumonia, petechial hemorrhage in conjunctiva and under nail beds

worldwide

history of eating undercooked/raw meat

Trichinella spiralis

encysted larva

Trichinellosis

ingestion of encysted larva in undercooked/raw meat

in human stool

cecal mucosa inflammation, catarrhal enteritis, rectal prolapse, growth retardation, bloody/mucoid diarrhea

worldwide (common in tropics)

Trichuris trichiura

adult

Trichuriasis

ingestion of eggs

in human stool

cecal mucosa inflammation, catarrhal enteritis, rectal prolapse, growth retardation, bloody/mucoid diarrhea

worldwide (common in tropics)

Trichuris trichiura

egg

Trichuriasis

ingestion of eggs

in human

red serpiginous tracks

Ancylostoma duodenale

adult hookworm

in human Knott’s test

Wucheraria or Loa

microfilaria

in human or young calf

calf with diarrhea or human with GI signs

from an acid fast test

Cryptosporidium parvum

in human

Cyclospora caetanensis

dog/cat ingests flea (or kid)

Dipylidium caninum

human suffering from severe diarrhea

use fine focus to count nuceli

Entomoeba histolytica

trophozoite (not fully spherical)

in human with GI problems

entamoeba histolytica

trophozoite

in humans with generic GI problems

Giardia lamblia

cyst

in humans with generic GI problems

Giardia lamblia

in human

Ancylostoma

in tissue section of human/animal

Leishmania

amastigotes

in human blood smear

Plasmodium falciparum

ring form 

and crescent shaped gametocytes

blood in urine of human

Schistosoma haematobium

dioecious Schistosoma adults

from human stool

Schistosoma japonicum

from human stool

Schistosoma mansoni

in human 

South America

Trypanosoma cruzi

with prominent kinetoplast

in fly vector

Trypanosoma

epimastigotes 

fecal sample from human

Taenia

eggs (small, uniform, thick shell)

abdominal fluid

Toxoplasma gondii

tachyzoites

brain sample

Toxoplasma gondii

bradyzoites walled off in brain

in fecal sample

Trichuris trichura

eggs

larva found in Baermann funnel 

Uncinaria

L3