Skeletal Orig

Cartilage

Provides firm yet flexible support within certain structures, such as the nose, external ear, thoracic cage, and trachea.

Ligaments

Are strong bands of fibrous connective tissue that attach to bones and hold them together.

Rib cage

Protects the heart, lungs, and other organs of the thorax.

Joints

Where two or more bones come together, allow movement between bones.

Collagen

Is a strong, rope-like molecule that forms stretch-resistant fibers.

Proteoglycans

Are large molecules consisting of polysaccharides attached to core proteins,

Hydroxyapatite

Most of the mineral in bone is in the form of calcium phosphate crystals called.

Brittle bone disease

• Osteogenesis imperfecta, which literally means imperfect bone formation.

• Is a rare disorder caused by any one of a number of faulty genes that results in either too little collagen formation or poor quality collagen.

Long bones

Are longer than they are wide.

Short bones

Are approximately as wide as they are long; examples are the bones of the wrist and ankle.

Flat bones

Have a relatively thin, flattened shape. Examples of flat bones are certain skull bones, the ribs, the scapulae (shoulder blades), and the sternum.

Irregular bones

Include the vertebrae and facial bones, which have shapes that do not fit readily into the other three categories.

Diaphysis

Each long bone consists of a central shaft, called.

Epiphysis

Each long bone consists of a two ends called.

Epiphyseal plate

Is where the bone grows in length.

Marrow

These cavity spaces are filled with soft tissue called.

Red marrow

Consists of blood-forming cells and is the only site of blood formation in adults.

Periosteum

Most of the outer surface of bone is covered by dense connective tissue called.

Endosteum

The surface of the medullary cavity is lined with a thinner connective tissue membrane called.

Osteoblasts

Which function in the formation of bone, as well as in the repair and remodeling of bone.

Osteocytes

When osteoblasts become surrounded by matrix, they are referred to as.

Osteoclasts

are also present and contribute to bone repair and remodeling by removing existing bone.

Lamellae

Bone is formed in thin sheets of extracellular matrix called.

Compact bone

Mostly solid matrix and cells.

Spongy bone,

Consists of a lacy network of bone with many small, marrow-filled spaces.

Compact bone

Forms most of the diaphysis of a long bone and the thinner surfaces of all other bones.

Trabeculae

Delicate interconnecting rods or plates of bone which resemble the beams or scaffolding of a building.

Ossification

Is the formation of bone by osteoblasts.

Intramembranous ossification

Bone formation that occurs within connective tissue membranes.

Endochondral ossification

Bone formation that occurs inside cartilage.