necular treaties

NPT Legislation

Non-Proliferation Treaty (1968) ➢ Prevent non-NWS nuclear development (Art. II) ➢ NWS to ‘pursue negotiations in good faith’ (Art. VI) ➢ Most signed arms treaty globally (190 signatories)

evidence of sucess NPT

Evidence of success: ➢ Ukraine (via Budapest Memorandum (1994)) and South Africa denuclearized → removed 3000 warheads ➢ ICAN ‘a critical step towards a nuclear weapons free world’ South Africa: from Nuclear Armed state to Disarmament Hero ➢ Shows how the NPT capped the number of NWSs at 9 ➢ Blinken (2023) nuclear war would ‘risk consequence such as you have never seen in your entire history’

Pakistan ..

Pakistan Foreign Minister Chaudhry (2015) ‘Inherently discriminatory treaty’ ➢ Similar concerns → DPRK, India & Israel ≠ ratify ➢ Kim Jong Un sees nuclear weapons as “a military asset, an insurance policy, and a vast source of prestige all in one” (Foreign Affairs 2018)

PNWT legislation

Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (2017) ➢ Arms Control Association director Daryl Kimball ‘further delegitimise nuclear weapons and strengthen the legal and political norm against their use’ (2016)

None of the

None of the 68 TPNW parties are NWSs or allies because NW: ➢ allow ‘even a small nation to confront a major power’ (Waltz N 1990 in Nuclear Myths & Political Realities)