world geo ch 9 and 10

Paraná River

A river originating in the highlands of southern Brazil, tracing about 3000 miles south and west through Paraguay and Argentina; known as Rio de Plata.

Amazon River

The river that flows 4000 miles from west to east, emptying into the Atlantic Ocean; fed by over 1000 tributaries, carrying more water to the ocean than any other river.

Orinoco River

A river that winds through northern Venezuela, flowing over more than 1500 miles from the Colombia-Venezuela border to the Atlantic.

Pampas

Areas of grasslands and rich soil found in Argentina and Uruguay, primarily used for cattle and wheat production.

Llanos

Grassy, treeless plains in Colombia and Venezuela used for livestock grazing and farming.

Infrastructure

The basic physical systems of a country's transport, communication, sewage, electricity, and housing.

Cerrado

Expansive lands of savannas with flat terrain and moderate rainfall suitable for farming.

Andes Mountains

A major mountain range in South America that serves as a barrier to movement into the interior.

Terraced Farming

An ancient technique for growing crops on hillsides or mountain slopes, involving cutting step-like horizontal fields.

Slash-and-burn

A method of clearing fields by cutting trees, brush, and grasses, then burning the debris.

Mercosur

A trade bloc established by the Treaty of Asuncion, known as the Southern Common Market.

Cultural Mosaic

A mix of different cultures within a society.

Cultural Hearth

A place from which important ideas and cultural innovations spread.

United Provinces of Central America

The name taken by Central American regions after declaring independence from Mexico.

Simon Bolivar

A military leader from Venezuela who led several South American countries to independence from Spain.

Treaty of Tordesillas

An agreement that divided South America between Spain and Portugal, granting control over what is now Brazil to Portugal.

Dom Pedro

The founder and first ruler of the Empire of Brazil.

Informal Economy

Economic activities that take place outside official channels, without protection or benefits for workers.

United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA)

A free trade agreement between the United States, Mexico, and Canada.

Panama Canal

A 82 kilometer waterway connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

Maquiladoras

Low-cost factories in Mexico operated by foreign corporations that assemble products for export.

NAFTA

The North American Free Trade Agreement, effective from January 1994, between Canada, Mexico, and the U.S.

Francisco Pizarro

A Spanish conquistador known for his expeditions that led to the conquest of the Inca Empire.

Calypso

A style of music originating in Trinidad and Tobago, characterized by lively political and protest

Authoritarian rule

A governmental system where political power is held by a small minority, often against the will of the people.

Economies primarily based on agriculture, tourism,

Economies of Central America and the Caribbean

Major cultural groups in Central America and the Caribbean

The indigenous peoples of the Maya, European colonizers, and people of African descent brought as slaves.

Colonialism's impact on economic development

Colonialism prolonged the underdevelopment of many Central American, South American, and Caribbean economies by removing their resources and imposing foreign control without building solid governance.

No vertical climates zones in latin america do not mean everyone grows the same crops 

Does Vertical climate zones of Latin America affect agriculture because everyone grows the same crops?