Studied by 3 people
statistical discrimination
refers to how women as significantly more likely to leave their job due to maternity leave
leads to discriminating against hiring women because
what are the 3 main causes of the gender pay gap?
differences in occupational choice (prestige for men vs work family balance for women)
societal expectations around raising children
sexism and statistical discrimination
how is race referred to in society?
as a nationality, region, religion and/or skin color
race
a category of people who are perceived to share distinct physical characteristics that are deemed socially significant
a social construct
ethnicity
a shared cultural heritage or nationality
a social construct
more viewed as an identity
what is the key difference between race and ethnicity?
race is more tied to physical characteristics and other’s perception but ethnicity is tied to what one identifies with
what is the key similarity between race and ethnicity?
they are both socially defined and constructure as well as derived from history
immigration
the movement of people into a country from another
push factors
aspects of a country that make someone want to leave
pull factors
aspects of another country that make someone want to go live there
racism
a belief that race is a fundamental determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race
prejudice
favourable or unfavourable preconceived feeling or opinion formed without knowledge, reason or thought that prevents objective consideration of an idea, individual, group or thing
scapegoating
the act of blaming a person or group for something bad that has happened or that someone else has done
assimilation
the process whereby individuals or groups of differing ethnic heritage are absorbed into the dominant culture of a society
pluralism
a mixing of different cultures in which each culture retains its own unique identity
echochambers
an environment in which a person encounters only beliefs or opinions that coincide with their own so their existing views are reinforced and alternative ideas are not considered
brain drain
the emigration of highly trained or intelligent people from a particular country
why has immigration become an issue in politics around the world?
because the increase immigration has been due to immigrants being accepted legally rather then illegally because of lower birth rates
why are birth rates lower?
due to higher education taking longer to be financially stable enough to have children
dual earning family and cost of raising children has increased
access to contraceptives and women’s rights have increased
overt discrimination
clear and direct discrimination that is not hidden
subtle discrimination
unclear or indirect discrimination that is difficult to analyze or describe due to the perpetrators motivations being unclear
systemic discrimination
patterns of behaviour, policies or practices that reflect current or former prejudices that are embedded within the structures of a formal social organization, and which create or perpetuate disadvantage for marginalized persons
adaptive discrimination
discrimination that is based on the prejudice of others
they know other people are prejudiced and fear the consequences from those with prejudice so they discriminate
cultural racism
the ways in which the culture of a society perpetuates the subordination of individuals based on their race
whitewashing
deliberately attempting to conceal unpleasant or incriminating facts
conscious discrimination
overt negative behaviour that can be expressed through physical and verbal harassment or through more subtle means such as exclusion
unconscious or implicit discrimination
bias that operates outside of the person’s awareness and can be in direct contradiction to a person’s espoused beliefs and values
microaggression
a comment or action that subtly and often unconsciously or unintentionally expresses a prejudiced attitude toward a member of a marginalized group
proportionality
the fact or quality of being in proper balance or relation as to size or quantity, degree or severity
starlight tours
police in Saskatchewan would arrest indigenous Canadians and drive them out to the outskirts of the city and leave them in sub zero temperatures to walk back
social desirability bias
tendency for respondents of surveys to underreport socially undesirable attitudes and behaviours and to over report more desirable statistics
sampling bias
survey not including specific groups of people for intentional or unintentional reasons
implicit bias
the perpetrator doesn’t even believe their motivations are racist
intergeneration trauma
trauma that gets passed down from those who directly experience a incident to subsequent generations
what are the tenets of critical race theory
race is socially constructed and not biologically grounded used to oppress and exploit people of color
racism is a normal, persistent and defining characteristic of social institutions including politics, the legal system the economy and other social structures
contact hypothesis
contact between groups can shape the prejudices and opinions of those involved
feedback loop
when outputs of a system are routed back as inputs as part of a chain of cause-and-effect that forms a circuit loop
self fulfilling prophecy
a person’s or group’s expectation for the behavior of another person or group serves to bring about the prophesized or expected behavior
type of feedback loop
relative deprivation
anger and resentment stemming from the perception of having less economic, political and social resources and rights than other groups
what are the 4 main reasons we see disproportionate police contact and brutality against the Black community?
overt and conscious discrimination
subtle and systemic discrimination through statistical discrimination
negative contact between police and black communities resulting in a feedback loop of mutual distrust
socio economic disadvantage, intergeneration trauma, relative deprivation and lower sense of mastery leading to lower socio economic status
black codes
restrictions to the right to own property, to conduct business, and to move freely around the US
vagrant laws
those not employed are vagrants. Vagrants were imprisoned and prisoners could be enslaved
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Flashcard (27)