Nitration of benzene

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1

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Overall equation

Benzene + Nitric acid —→ Nitrobenzene + Water

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Catalyst

H₂SO₂

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Conditions

Less than 50*C to prevent further substitution

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Activation

HNO₃ + H₂SO₄ —→ + NO₂+ + H₂SO₄ +H₂O

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What is the curly arrow mechanism?

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Regeneration

HSO₄- + H+ —→ H₂SO₄