Basic Nursing Skills

This set of flashcards covers essential concepts about monitoring vital signs, guidelines for various measurements, pain management, and procedures involving dressings and IV therapy.

What are vital signs?

Measurements—temperature, pulse, respirations, blood pressure—that monitor the functioning of the vital organs of the body.

Why is it important to monitor vital signs?

To ensure the proper functioning of vital organs and to detect any changes that may require medical attention.

What should a nursing assistant report to the nurse regarding vital signs?

Changes such as fever, rapid or slow respiratory or pulse rates, changes in blood pressure, or worsening pain.

What are the normal temperature ranges for an adult's oral temperature?

97.6° - 99.6° Fahrenheit (36.5° - 37.5° Celsius).

What is the normal range for systolic and diastolic blood pressure?

Normal systolic is 90–119 mm Hg and diastolic is 60–79 mm Hg.

What should a nursing assistant do if a resident's temperature is too high?

Report the elevated temperature to the nurse immediately.

What must nursing assistants ensure when taking vital signs?

The privacy of residents must be protected; they should not discuss vital signs within earshot of others.

What factors can affect body temperature?

Age, illness, stress, environment, exercise, and circadian rhythm.

What type of thermometer should not be used for oral temperatures?

Oral temperatures should not be taken on individuals who are unconscious, have had oral surgery, or are under certain other conditions.

What are some signs and symptoms associated with pain that nursing assistants should observe?

Increased pulse, respiration, blood pressure, sweating, nausea, guarding a body part, and behavioral changes.

What is the role of a nursing assistant in managing a resident's pain?

Report complaints of pain, provide comfort measures, and assist with pain relief activities.

Define apnea.

The absence of breathing.

What immediate actions should be taken when measuring blood pressure?

Ensure the cuff is completely deflated before use and position the arm correctly at heart level.

What type of dressing should nursing assistants avoid changing?

Sterile dressings that cover new, open, or draining wounds.

What is the purpose of elastic bandages?

To hold dressings in place, secure splints, support and protect body parts, and decrease swelling from an injury.

What should nursing assistants observe for with intravenous (IV) therapy?

Changes or problems with the IV site, such as swelling, discoloration, or signs of leakage.

What is oxygen therapy?

The administration of oxygen to increase the supply of oxygen to a person’s lungs.

What safety precautions should be taken with oxygen tanks?

Ensure the tank is secured, the flow meter is set as prescribed, and the humidifying bottle is filled.