Half Equations & Ionic Equations & Mixtures

shows what happens to one species during a reaction

Half equations

shows only the particles that change during a reaction

Ionic Equation

combination of two or more substances that are not chemically joined together

Mixture

Filtration

Evaporation

Distillation

Chromatography

Processes that can separate mixtures

separate an insoluble solid from a mixture of the solid and a liquid / solution

Separated in Filtration

Filtrate

Liquid that passes through the filter

funnel

What is filter paper placed in

residue

Insoluble solid left behind in the filter

dissolved solid in a solution

What is separated in Crystallisation

The solution is heated, allowing the solvent to evaporate and leaving a saturated solution behind

Crystallisation method

dipping a clean, dry, cold glass rod into the solution

If the solution is saturated, crystals will form on the glass rod when it is removed and allowed to cool

How to tell if a solution is saturated

filtration

How crystals are collected in crystallisation

liquid and soluble solid

Separated in Simple Distillation

It is heated

What happens to the solution in simple distillation

condenser

Tube where the gas cools

Separating solutions with stuff with close boiling points

When is fractional distillation better

boiling point of the lowest substance

How high is fractional distillation heated to

fractionating column

What is the column above the beaker in fractional distillation

Substances with different solubilities in a solution

Separated in paper chromatography

pencil

Used to draw the line on the chromatography paper

it doesn’t travel up the paper

Reason why paper is used to draw the line on the chromatography paper

They have different solubilities so travel up the paper at different rates

Why the substances separate

Above the water

Where the pencil line should be in regards to the water in chromatography

In the water

Where the paper should be in regards to the water in chromatography

Substances higher up are more soluble

How to analyse a chromatogram

How the ink travels up the chromatogram

Capillary action