Chapter 13: Brain and Nervous System

These flashcards cover key concepts and definitions about the brain, cranial nerves, and sensory pathways to aid in exam preparation.

What are the four major regions of the brain?

Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Diencephalon, Brainstem.

What is the function of the cerebrum?

Conscious thought, memory storage and processing, sensory processing, and control of skeletal muscles.

What protects the brain?

The brain is protected by cranial meninges and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

What does the medulla oblongata regulate?

It regulates cardiovascular and respiratory functions, including heartbeat rate and breathing.

Name the three layers of the cranial meninges.

Dura mater, Arachnoid mater, and Pia mater.

What role does the hypothalamus play?

Regulates homeostasis, autonomic function, and hormone production.

What is the function of the thalamus?

Acts as a sensory relay and processing center.

What are cranial nerves?

Nerves that innervate cranial structures, carrying sensory, motor, and autonomic information.

Describe the major functions of the cerebellum.

Coordinates complex movements, maintains normal muscle tone, and regulates posture and balance.

What are the types of sensory receptors based on location?

Exteroceptors (external environment) and interoceptors (internal environment).

What are the two primary functions of the cerebellum?

Adjusting posture and programming/fine-tuning movements.

Which cranial nerve is responsible for taste from the tongue?

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) for taste sensation.

What is the significance of the white matter in the cerebral hemispheres?

Connects cerebral hemispheres and lobes, and links the cerebrum to the rest of the brain.

What does the term 'homunculus' refer to in the context of the primary somatosensory cortex?

A functional map showing the relative cortical area related to the number of sensory receptors.

What are the primary functions of the auditory cortex?

Monitors auditory information and recognizes different sounds.

What is referred pain?

Sensation of pain in a part of the body other than its actual source.

What is Alzheimer's disease characterized by?

Progressive loss of higher-order cerebral functions, involving abnormalities in the hippocampus.

What is the function of nociceptors?

They are pain receptors that respond to potentially damaging stimuli.