Objective 3 unknown

Explain the inflammatory response as a non specific immune response, using terms such as mast cells, histamine, heparin and macrophages.

 Explain the causes and benefits of a fever.

Explain the role played by the lymphatic system, macrophages and phagocytes in defending the body against invasion by pathogenic micro-organisms.

• Action of Phagocytes: action of white blood cells attacking and engulfing pathogens. Phagocytes are specialised white blood cells that engulf & digest micro-organisms and cell debris. Types of cells that are: 

• phagocytic: monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils (WBCs), dendritic cells.

  • This eliminates many pathogens before and infection has a chance to take hold.

  • Tissue becomes inflamed ➡ monocytes leave blood, enter tissue & differentiate into macrophages (large phagocytic cells).

  • Remove microbes and dying cells

• Macrophages either:

  • Move through tissues looking for and destroying pathogens.

  • Are fixed in one place and only deal with pathogens that come to them.

• Dendritic cells:

  • Cells that have the ability to detect, engulf and process foreign particles.

  • They use this information about ingested particles to assist with specific immunity.

Describe the difference between active and passive immunity.

Explain how recombinant DNA is used to make vaccinations.